How Far Did The ND affect The Lives Of Ethnic Minorities Within The USA? Flashcards
What statement is presented for agreement in the text?
How far do you agree with this statement? (20 marks)
Who are some specific women mentioned as examples of success?
- Eleanor Roosevelt
- Mary Bethune
- Frances Perkins
What was the approximate demographic composition of the area discussed?
The impact comprised approximately ten percent of the population.
What was the status of black Americans after slavery was abolished in 1866?
They faced considerable racial discrimination.
What legal measures contributed to the segregation of black Americans?
Jim Crow laws
What major migration occurred for black Americans in the 1920s and 1930s?
The Great Migration
What was the jobless rate for black Americans in Cleveland, Ohio, before and after New Deal relief agencies?
Fell from 50 percent to 30 percent
Who was Robert Weaver and what role did he play in the New Deal?
He was appointed as FDR’s special adviser on the ‘Economic Status of the Negro’.
Which department did Harold Ickes lead that aided black Americans?
Public Works Administration (PWA)
What did the US Housing Authority introduce for its construction projects?
Racial quotas
How many black Americans did the Works Progress Administration employ annually between 1936 and 1940?
350,000
What educational contributions did the WPA provide to black Americans?
- Employed over 5,000 black American teachers
- Taught 250,000 black Americans how to read and write
What skills training did Mary McLeod Bethune provide?
Skills training for 500,000 young black Americans
Which program provided very little aid to poor black American farmers?
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
Who headed the cotton section of the AAA, prioritizing whites?
Cully Cobb
What was the role of Robert Fechner in the CCC?
He was the head and showed discrimination.
What was the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)?
A trade union body comprising predominantly blue-collar and unskilled workers.
What did the Wagner Act of 1935 provide for trade unions?
Trade union recognition
What was the outcome of the National Labor Relations Board’s requirement in 1938?
Partial success for the all-black Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
Fill in the blank: The New Deal offered black Americans opportunities in the _______.
federal government
True or False: The New Deal fully addressed the needs of black American farmers.
False
What was the impact of the New Deal on legal racial segregation?
By the end of the New Deal, FDR had done nothing to end legal racial segregation in the Old South or informal racial segregation in other parts of the country.
Why did FDR not change legal segregation?
The decision was heavily influenced by the fact that southern whites were an important group within the Democratic Party in Congress, and FDR could not afford to upset them.
What influence did southern whites have regarding anti-lynching proposals?
Southern whites had the influence to block anti-lynching proposals.
What attempts did black American activists make regarding lynching?
Attempts by black American activists, such as the NAACP and Mary McLeod Bethune, to make lynching a federal offence in 1937 and again in 1940 came to nothing.
What was the status of black Americans by the end of the New Deal?
Small advances had been made, but black Americans remained second-class citizens.
What was the impact of the New Deal on Native Americans?
The New Deal had limited impact on improving the economic plight of Native Americans, despite some administrative changes.
The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 aimed to preserve Native American culture and allowed tribes to self-govern, but many tribes rejected it.
What was the Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934?
The Indian Reorganisation Act replaced the Dawes Severalty Act and aimed to preserve Native American culture by organizing tribes into self-governing bodies.
It allowed tribes to write their own constitutions and have their own legal systems.
What was the economic situation of Native Americans by 1934?
By 1934, only one-third of the land given to Native Americans was still in their hands, and the remaining land was often of poor quality.
Many Native Americans lived in poverty, with poor living conditions and limited resources.
How did the New Deal affect Hispanic Americans?
Hispanic Americans, particularly migrant workers, faced wage cuts and were often excluded from New Deal legislation, worsening their conditions.
Many lived in poor, temporary accommodations and faced racial discrimination.
What was the role of migrant workers in the 1930s?
Migrant workers, primarily from Mexico, were engaged in agriculture and often lived in poor conditions while working on American farms.
They had very few civil rights and were excluded from many labor protections.
What was John Collier’s vision for Native Americans?
John Collier aimed to enable Native Americans to earn decent livelihoods on their own lands and ultimately eliminate the need for government aid.
He emphasized the importance of conserving land and supporting Indian social life.
