wolsey fall from power / early reformation / divorce

Question 1

3 reasons why Henry VIII wanted a divorce

Answer 1

• Leviticus - against gods will
• fell for anne boleyn
• needs male heir

Question 2

what was the great matter

Answer 2

the annulment Henry x Catherine

Question 3

who was the pope

Answer 3

pope clement - disliked wolsey

Question 4

why was Henry so worried about heir - what would happen of Mary in charge

Answer 4

• repeat of empress Matilda 12th century - civil war + unrest
• -> marriage argot. Charles IV w/ Mary BUT 1525 battle of pavia = no longer

Question 5

show Henry worried about heir - illegitimate son Henry Fitzroy made what + when

Answer 5

duke of Richmond in 1525 (after pavia)

Question 6

when does henry begin pursuing the argument that marriage was cursed?

Answer 6

1527

Question 7

who was Anne’s niece of and what was she influenced by?

Answer 7

• duke of Norfolk (Wolsey’s enemy on council)

- protestantism in French courts

Question 8

issues outside of Wolsey’s control in annulment:

–> 1526 league of cognac

Answer 8

• set up after 1525 Charles V victory at Pavia

- -> imperial army mutiny + march on Rome - pope under control Charles V who was Catherines, nephew

Question 9

why did the Leviticus argument fail (no.1)

Answer 9

pope clement had to admit that previous pope Julius made an error (couldn’t as infallibility)

Question 10

(no.2) - why did attempt to say dispensation invalid fail

Answer 10

-catherine’s lawyers found diff version

Question 11

what was third approach to annulment

Answer 11

-campeggio sent to England to hear case w/ wolsey

Question 12

what secret instruction did pop give campeggio

Answer 12

• to not reach verdict

- delayed arrival in July 1529 blamed on wolsey

Question 13

where was the legatine court held

Answer 13

Blackfriars 1529

Question 14

why else did Blackfriars fail?

Answer 14

Catherine of aragon + arganese faction rejects court

Question 15

what was Wolsey tried on and where was he sent to ?

Answer 15

• praemenurie (loyalty to foreign power)
• -> archdiocese of York
• died 1530 on way to execution

Question 16

Was Wolsey’s failure to obtain divorce main reason for fall / how far was faction responsible?

thesis:
FACTIONS
FAILURE TO ANNULMENT
WOLSEY HIMSELF

Answer 16

Cardinal Wolsey was Henry’s chief minister for fifteen years, enjoying the titles of Lord Chancellor and papal legate. During the 1520s, Henry was searching for an answer to his Great Matter - the annulment to his marriage with Catherine of Aragon. Wolsey’s fall from power was a culmination of interlinked factors, most importantly the failure of achieving the annulment, followed closely by Wolsey’s own personality, which the Boleyn faction exploited. Wolsey’s was accused of praemunire and due to meet his fate in November 1530.

Question 17

⇒FAILURE TO GET DIVORCE 1 - catalyzed fall from grace

Answer 17

==> resulted in a breakdown in his relationship with Henry who was the main source of his power and influence.
-campeggio not reach trial + Catherine’s dismissal
-

Question 18

⇒ WOLSEY HIMSELF 2 – liked by henry → no one would have been able to pull Wolsey from grace → divorce provided w/ reason

Answer 18

→ 1525 Amicable Grant / Enclosure / Court of star chamber
→ disliked by nobility
→ lowbirth
→ anti-clericalism - epitomizes dislike about church
-secondary to annulment as although there were flaws in Wolsey’s strategy -

Question 19

FACTIONS -3 enemies managed to persuade henry that wolsey had to go

Answer 19

• Boleyn Factions - Thomas Boleyn father + duke Norfolk (enemy)
• -> accused Wolsey hostility - purposefully slowing down divorce
• Anne had to rid Wolsey to reach the king
• Aragonese faction enjoys Wolsey’s failure due to disrespect +
• least as ultimately it was Wolsey’s ejection out of henry’s favour from failure to get a divorce that isolated him, and his personality w/ a lack of allies at court that meant he was left w/ no support

Question 20

to what extent can wolsey be blamed for failing to solve kings matter
PLAN + THESIS

Answer 20

p1. foreign situation
p2. wolsey
p3. Aragonese faction + pope
THESIS - foreign situation most important largely out of wolsey’s control