Mary religion Flashcards
issues in religion 1553
- non celibate priests
- undo religious changes 1529
- re-establish monasteries
what did Mary introduce in 1553
1st act repeals restore 1547 act 6 articles
what was announce in December 1553
Mary renounces supreme head
what did the royal injunctions do/when passed?
1554 - bishops suppress heresy - remove clergy
-norwich 243 priests lose post
what did Mary do in church 1554
removed bishops e.g. Gardiner
what did second act repeals do / when passed
undid anti papal laws since1529
when did synod approve of the 12 decrees
1556
what were the 12 decrees
clerical discipline + no pluralism - protestats burnt
when was cranmer’s execution
1556 march
how many burnings in Mary’s reign
300
main reasons as to why Mary’s reformation failed
- pole unfamiliar w/ England
- poles rejects 1555 help jesuits who offer to preach catholicism
- failure propoganda
Mary’s failure in propoganda stats
publications against Mary 2 to 1
when was pole made archbishop Canterbury
1555 - after returning from exile ( little knowledge of England)
what were the 2 strands of religious reform
persuasion and persecution
one way in which pole attempted top down persuasion tactic
-clerical education - 1556 pole chancellor Cambridge - tangible link gov x uni
when was the censorship proclamation passed
1553
who was miles Bogarde
pro gov writer
second strand of reform persecution
-heresy = burning+ seditious writers burnt
what was the war on words?
later + Ridley = protestant pamphlets in jail + Mary has no control on what’s published abroad
-MARY NOT SURROUNDED BY UNI INTELLECTUALS = weakens claim
2 examples ppl burnt at stake in Henry VIII’s reign
John Lambert + Anne Askew
what is the book of martyr by John fox
eyewitness accounts = in hindsight w/ only interesting parts
book of martyrs John fox details what
impressed queen Elizabeth - accounts burnings + attacks Mary
what legislation allowed the burnings to pass
1554 heresy laws
who was first to be burnt
John rogers 1555 - bible translator
failure burnings
-bad reputation + ppl view burnt as martyrs
reaction to Joh rogers
londoners sympathetic
why was London a threat to Mary
protestant - close to European trade in Netherlands
what was on Foxe’s agenda
display ppl as victims so pursue w/ caution
examples catholic against reformation
-gardiner opposed + heresy laws rejected first
reign of Mary
1553 - 1558
when did Stephen Gardiner die
1555
what happened to burnings after gardener died
accelerated 274 executions in last 3 years of Mary’s reign
who organised burnings
local authorities organise burnings
when were executions delayed
1557 war w/ france
mary = no haste in reformation - what does begin reign w/
restore pro catholic 1547act 6 articles
when was dr Taylor executed
1555
what did the act of repeal any the start of Mary’s reign do
undid Edward changes - back to act of 6 articles
what did the synod stress
priests beings president and ending pluralism - established by pole
why would Mary’s account of reassurance on lack fo direct acceleration to Protestantism be unreliable
as Mary wants to ensure vested interest in stability of monarchy e.g, gained support of men in Suffolk 1550
how many ‘marian exiles’ - protestants that left England due to nature of Mary’s reforms were there
800 gentry
what was the opposition in parliament to Mary’s religious reforms usually because of
possibility of loss of monastic lands nobles hard purchased since 1536
who advised Mary to be cautious on her reforms
Charles V and pope Julius
what removed religious resistance in house of lord 1553
arrest Cranmer hooper + Ridley
evidence of a bishop losing authority
bishop Gloucester removed from bishopric
what happened to pole in 1555 that hindered reformation
new pope Paul IV - dislike pole + Hapsburg - strips of papla authority so pole cannot appoint bishops
result of pole being stripped of papal authority
1558 7 sees left vacant
what were cardinal pole’s decrees drawn up at Westminster
synod (council) 12 decrees - establish seminaries in every diocese but lack money = only at York
what can be said about religion in Mary’s reign
landowning gentry favoured religion that monarch was a part of
why could Mary’s burning of Cranmer in 1556 be a blunder
had committed treason in supporting lady Jane grey but the fact he was brunt painted his as an innocent martyr (should have executed)
what removed the retraining influence on Mary’s burnings
death Gardiner nov 1555
what’s. a rogation day
catholic
