Mary stability monarchy Flashcards
when did Mary proclaim queen
July 1553
who supported Mary
Charles V + Simon Renard ( imperial ambassador)
how much influence did Simon reward hold?
virtually direct England affairs
what’s the protestant view of Mary
-cruel tyrant - torture + burning in enforcing Catholicism
3 issues surrounding female rule
- unable to control factions + lead battles
- marriage = husband would assume power
- empress Matilda 12th century = civil war
timeline (of Mary’s ascension)
-what happened on 10 July
lady Jane grey proclaimed queen
timeline (of Mary’s ascension)
-11 July
northumberland leaves London + his sons unsuccessful intercepting Mary
timeline (of Mary’s ascension)
-13 July
northumberland believed enough strength to defeat Mary
how dangerous was northumberland’s attempted coup d’état for Mary ?
- Mary had support Protestants in Norfolk despite religion
- Henry has named her heir
- northumberland no support privy council
what did Henry fear about Mary
- war of roses - weak monarchy enabled ambitious ‘over mighty subjects’ to indulge
what was the financial issue for Mary
-inherited northumberland issues and gave away crown lands for monastic foundations
one example of Mary’s success in financial policy
1558 book of rates - increase custom revenue £29,000 to £85,000
BUT Marys success
Mary die before effect - Elizabeth enjoys success of Mary
who were the two candidates for Mary’s marriage ?
Edward Courtenay earl devon - supported by gardener
-Phillip spain - supported by Paget
why did Mary favour Phillip
closer link to habsburgs
when did Mary pass marriage treaty
7 October 1554
what did Gardiner do in response to Mary’s treaty
petition to hisses of commons
evidence from marriage that Mary in control
commons attempt to block via petition BUT 1554 mary signs marriage treaty
how was marriage treaty favourable to England
phillip has to respect peace w/ france ‘queen has total control of all offices, land = revenues
how did treaty prove female rule was a problem ?
treaty has to assert that mary would have total control = not a give rule
what is an example of instability caused by Mary’s marriage ?
James croft + sir Peter Carew lead rebellion (Wyatt’s rebellion)
CA to example causing instability in Mary’s marriage
rebellion blocked by ppl of London - support Mary
who specifically out of Phillip’s advisors in England was feared and why ?
friar alfonso de castro - authority on persecuting heretics
by 1559 what was said about Spanish in Mary’s court?
‘once scarce believe that so much mischief could be done in such a short time’
what treaty failed
1556 treaty of vaucelles (peace Scotland + france_
what happened in 1557
enters French x Spanish conflict
what was England facing
war on two fronts
example one front
Scottish attack north
what happened in 1557
capture St Quentin- success French 75,000 troops
BUT January 1558
30,000 French defeat calais garrison = national disastor
what did the French x Spanish conflict do for Mary’s reputation ?
last continental possession of calais lost = national defeat
who did northumberland marry lady Jane grey to
Guildford dudley - eldest son ( maintain power)
why did northumberland’s attempted coup d’état fail?
- failed to arrest Mary + keep in custody
- underestimate Mary support
what did northumberland do on 14 July
2000 men march to Suffolk but troops desert him
where did Mary proclaim herself queen when lady Jane grey was queen
framlingham castle Suffolk
what 2 acts did Mary pass
1553 and 1554 - confirm Marys legitimacy
who was Wyatt
noble trusted by northumberland - made English representative 1550
what religion was Wyatt
protestant but supported Mary until marriage w/ Phillip
how many men did Wyatt raise in Kent
3000
what did royal troops sent to Wyatt revolt do
desert to rebels
how was Wyatt rebellion a success for Mary
defeated by gaining support ppl of land on to close off Wyatt – Mary refuses to flee capital = courageous
what happened December 1554
heresy laws established
1555 feb
first protestant burnt at stake - hooper second 5 days later
who was executed march 1556
Cranmer
what did Gardiner warn of before death
executions would harden opposition to Mary
how many religious executions carried out in last 3 years
274
what was pole made
December 1555 archbishop Canterbury
what did privy council proclamation in 1558 show ?
‘Marian repression successes in creating core of English protestants’ - anti catholic books + pamphlets of calvinism + lutheranism spread
Context Ambassadors:
- loyal to their own country
- position of trust from monarch
- sent for business - negotiate treaties → find out info from court
- credible sources - sent for info + trusted - role models for country
- base letters on court gossip → factual info wrong - exaggeration - make info interesting
- narrow sighted = don’t leave london → in extravagant part of london + monarch controls places seen
- snapshot visit - fleeting tri
what aided efficient of council during dispute against Phillip
1555 inner council
what triggered clash Gardiner x Paget
revival heresy laws but Gardiner dies 1555
John knox text - published so had support
-’the first blast of the trumpet against the monstrous regiment of women’ - John Knox - presbytarian
what did Jonn Knox write about female rule
-wrote while in exile - ‘monstrous regiment = unnatural rule’ → argues goes against natural order - weak + foolish
what’s Salic law
Salic law = law excludes females from dynastic succession - alleged fundamental law french monarchy
what’s a coup d’état
take power → somerset first coup in henry’s will
what’s a chronicle
⇒ diary written for someone to read → focuses only on interesting parts and personal bias
who was Miles Hogarde
pro gov writer
evidence to show that 1553 devise was organised by northumberland
marries son Guildford Dudley to Mary Jane grey
BUT disprove evidence to show 1553 devise was organised by northumberland
- professional force dismissed 1552 BUT northumberland would have arranged forces
- would have ensured Mary captured ( but Mary in east anglia)
- would have launched a propoganda campaign
what allowed Mary to be queen
Henry VIII third succession act 1543
why can Mary’s council be considered weak and ineffective
large council two leading councillors (Paget and Gardiner) support diff suits
but why should Mary’s council instead be considered effective
1555 inner council streamlined + 1555 death Gardiner allowed pages to form conciliar gov
who did Mary refer to when she mistrusted councillors due to factional struggles
Simon reward or cardinal pole
who supported Courtenay
gardiner
examples of support for Mary at Framlingham castle
Edward Mone tax collector = influential
