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Tudor FC History > foreign policy Henry VII (to finish) > Flashcards

foreign policy Henry VII (to finish) Flashcards

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1
Q

French leaders

A

Charles VIII france - 1498 - Louis XII

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2
Q

Papal States leader

A

pope innocent 1492 Alexander VI

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3
Q

spanish leaders

A

-ferdinand II

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4
Q

Burgundy leader

A

Phillip I

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5
Q

1485-92

A

diplomatic - diplomacy to secure throne

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6
Q

1493-1502

A

peace (w/ Scotland achieved)

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7
Q

1503-09

A

isolation (less successful - isolated from Europe)

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8
Q

foreign policy factors (4)

A
  • threat invasion / national security
  • dynastic threats
  • economic aims
  • secure dynasty
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9
Q

what country did France attempt to annex - Henry send troops?

A
  • Brittany
  • 6,000
  • oct 1492
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10
Q

French reaction to Charles asserting his claim to French throne in October 1492-

A

-3rd November treaty étaples - Charles saw greater glory in Italy

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11
Q

treaty of étaples 1492 - success and failure for Henry

evidence to failure in national security but gain financial success as a side part

A

-success
–> French pension + no support for warbeck
failure
–> southern side channel French + Brittany lost independence

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12
Q

treaty redon 1489

A

-britons agree pay cost of 6,000 men sent

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13
Q

Warbeck married who in James IV’s court

A

Catherine gordon

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14
Q

when did Treaty of Ayton become a full peace ?

A

signed 1497

–> Warbeck executed + James IV married Margaret = full peace

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15
Q

when was a trade embargo placed on burgundy in warbeck criss

A

-1493-1496

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16
Q

what was the negotiation with Phillip Henry made in 1508

A 
mallas intercursus(when trapped in storm)
--> gained earl Suffolk
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17
Q

when was Treaty Medina Del Campo?

-marriage actually happened

A
  • 1489

- > 1501 - shows how Warbeck impacted Henry’s foreign policy)

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18
Q

who was married to Joanna Castille + why did Ferdinand get angry w/ Henry

A
  • Phillip burgundy

- supported Phillip burgundy in Castilian crisis + kept Catherine’s dowry after Arthur death 1502

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19
Q

who died 1504

A

-Isabella castille = crisis

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20
Q

1503 Elizabeth York dies - 2 potential marriages fro Henry VII

A
  • Joanna naples - (niece Ferdinand – Ferdinand needs support due to worsening relations w/ France)
  • Joanna Castille
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21
Q

why did Henry offer Henry VIII to Louis XII’s niece Margaret of Angouleme

A

-antagoniseFerdinand ( worsening relations w/ France)

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22
Q

1495 League of Venice for what ?

–> when did Henry join + what did he do to show he was acting on own accord

A
  • drive Charles out of italy
  • 1496 w/ help from Ferdinand
  • -> England not bound to war w/ France
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23
Q

1496 succesfful as well because –>

A

-magnus intercursus - end trade embargo on burgundy - English merchants sell w/o tolls on Phillips land

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24
Q

how successful was Henry’s foreign policies

A
  • Henry’s foreign policy was largely successful when considered in regards to his aims - although there were weaknesses in his economic foreign policy this was the intention of Henry, as within his foreign policy the economy lay subordinate to more demanding aims such as national security.
  • Although, the caveats of the depleting success of Henry’s policy over his rule and perhaps only surface level victory slightly limit Henry’s success.
25
Q

national security SUCCESS surface leve

A

France:-1492 Treaty of Étaples - perkin warbeck → no aid to rebels / Charles pre-occupied w/ Italian disputes + expanding their empire
Scotland:
-assassination James III Battle Sauchieburn 1488- james IV king - no threat
→ Henry’s against france annexing brittany 1491 = tighten relations due to 1295 historic auld alliance
-Treaty Ayton, finalised by death warbeck 1499 = first peace treaty since 1328
HOWEVER - Henry unable to suppress France in Brittany crisis - french annexation gave control of channel + invasion base
Therefore potential threat lurked beneath surface level success but never erupted = SUCCESS

26
Q

P2 - securing dynasty

- SUCCESS

A

1489 Medina Del Campo
→ recognition form rising european power
CA- perkin warbeck parading around europe portrayed weakness - catherine did not arrive until 1501 - shows ferdinand questioned Henry’s credibility
-death arthur - weaken agrmt.castilian inheritance dispute - henry favours phillip burgundy - agrmt. Survived but on lose ends
Success w/ Edmund De La Pole:
1506 storm = phillip burgundy take refuge + Mallas Intercursus signed -de la pole
w/ real claim to throne

Improved security - but one storm away from dynastic collapse

27
Q

P3 - economic - subordinate to security

A

-Success varied as it lay subordinate to national security
-example contrasting side of Perkin Warbeck
→ to reference previous point - Treaty of Etaples - french pension amounts to 5% royal income
However - etaples only to suppress warbeck + trade agrmt ame alongside if
Finances were sacrificed at expense national security e.g.
–>trade embargo on Phillip Burgundy in perkin warbeck too 1493-96

28
Q

IMPORTANT NOTE: last years 1503-09 saw weakening position

A

after elizabeth and arthur’s death - many marriage agrmt.s failed for henry w/. European powers
-HOWEVER- Italian conflict involving france meant england have little threat at end of reign → perhaps England’s lack of superiority in europe = decreased threat

29
Q

most important factor/ aim in henry’s foreign policies always =

A

national security

  • international alliances → national security
  • increase finances - national security
  • recognition - international == marriage alliances
30
Q

when was league Cambrai

A

1508 - evidence henry’s deteriorating status ( Ferdinand excludes Henry)

31
Q

when was Magnus intercourses and what did it end

A

1496 (1493 trade embargo w/ burgundy)

32
Q

what truce was made w/ france at beginning reign

A

1485 truce w/ France - extended in 1489

33
Q

what happened in Scotland 1488

A

assassination James III scotland - minor James IV king

34
Q

what did treaty staples French pension make up

A

5% England annual income

35
Q

what happened with every treaty Henry VII signed

A

trade clause within every treaty ( but add on to national security)

36
Q

what did customs revenue increase from

A

£33,000 in 1485 to £40,000 in 1509

37
Q

when was the navigation act

A

1485 to 86 – limited foreign control English trade (mark scheme said you had to write this one year0

38
Q

what was restored in 1504

A

Hanseatic league - in balticc as concerned hanse might give earl Suffolk support

39
Q

what happened after navigation acts fixed in Medina del campo

A

spain forbade export Spanish goods on foreign ships

- BUT Medina del campo says only English goods on English ships

40
Q

evidence of Henry prioritising national security over money

A

Trade Embargo – Margaret burgundy 1493-96 – financial backlash of cloth – cannot send to Antwerp

41
Q

position of Henry 1450s

A

-hundred years war - lose all land except calais

42
Q

evidence of Henry’s vulnerable position 1450 w/ strength Spain

A

Ferdinand + Isabella unite Aragon + castille = spain international power

43
Q

1450 issue w/ Margaret burgundy

A

burgundy important for trade but Margaret = Yorkist threat

44
Q

how did Italian wars strengthen Henry’s position

A

france spain + HRE distracted by Italian wars

45
Q

how was Henry forced into foreign policy

A

pretenders - not naturally inclined to do foreign policy

46
Q

defence trading interest definition

A

trade / money

47
Q

national security definition

A

protecting country from attack

48
Q

recognition tudor dynasty definition

A

recognition as true king = marriage alliances +

49
Q

what should be noted about all of Henry’s treaties

A

all have financial benefits + national security as all mention pretenders

50
Q

1485-92

A

policy diplomacy to secure throne

51
Q

1493 - 1502

A

period peace w/ Scotland = secures henry’s position MOST SUCCESSFUL

52
Q

1503 - 1509

A

henry’s weakens position + isolation

53
Q

example of diplomacy in 1485-1492

A
54
Q

Holy League when was it

A

1496 against French in Italy by Ferdinand + Maximilian

55
Q

what was league Cambrai ?

A

1508 initially against Ferdinand - france + spain decide to remove Henry

56
Q

henry’s success in Scotland

A

-stabilise but no full security - 1493 - 9 yr truce signed England x Scotland (suppresses anti English powers)

57
Q

1 thing that Henry fails to do in trade

A

fails to dominate Hanseatic league + fails to gain access to new world via Medina del campo - MISSED OPPORTUNITIES

58
Q

league Cambrai

A

Henry not invited to join 1508

59
Q

malus intercursus downside

A

never actually took place

Tudor FC History (30 decks)

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