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Tudor FC History > History Tudors FC - CH1 > Flashcards

History Tudors FC - CH1 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Henry crowned ?

A

1485

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2
Q

3 strands of debate - first

A

-advent of tudors led to establishment of ‘new monarchy’

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3
Q

-second

A

-role of monarchy + government in carrying religous change

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4
Q

third

A

-role of monarchy in politics

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5
Q

dei gratia

A

-by the will of God - how tudors monarchs rules

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6
Q

Rex et Lex + Lex est Rex’

A

-the king is law and law is the king == no monarch could afford to behave above law

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7
Q

Royal Perogative

A

-rights + priveleges of moanrch – making war , negotiate treaties + call parliament on / off

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8
Q

what were the limits of the monarchy ?

A

-not levy taxes or make laws to Henry VII had to frame his schism from law in English Statue Law

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9
Q

what did historian John Guy say about Henry VII ?

A

-‘he could be ruthless + severe, but was neither bloodthirsty nor egotistical ‘

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10
Q

Historian views on Henry VII?

A

John Guy ‘ fascinating threatening and soemtimes morbid , egoism + self righteousness sprang from fusion of an able but second rate mind - inferiority complex’

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11
Q

when was the battle of Bosworth ?

A

-22 August 1485 - lancastrian victory - richard III dead

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12
Q

1542 Chronicle wrote what about Henry VII’s claim

A

-‘Henry VII was by right and just title of inheritance, and by divine providence crowned and proclaimed King’

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13
Q

Henry’s maternal claim to the throne + issues

A

-mother, Margaret Beaufort - great great grandaughter of edward III – however line of descent came from John of Gaunt’s mistress Katherine Swynford

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14
Q

Paternal claim + issues

A

-half nephew of henry VI due to mother marriage to Henry V - but father was owen tudor - not of noble descent

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15
Q

what did Henry VI do that strengthens henry’s claim ?

A

Henry VI legitimises Jasper and Edmund Tudor (half brothers) - strengthens Henry VII claim

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16
Q

what did Henry do to make up for weakened claim ?

A

-combined two roses of house of lancaster + york - appeared as if he was unifying houses and portrayed Richard III as illegitimate usurper – propoganda meant not many questioned (chronicle above see)

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17
Q

what did Bacon say about henry VII – implies ?

A

-‘a wonder for wise men, his pleasures , there is no news of them ‘ - admired ofr intellectual ability but colourless lifestyle

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18
Q

3 ways Henry legitimised his position

A

-dated beginning of reign before bosworth // 1486 marris elizabeth of york to unite houses

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19
Q

lord lovell and stafford rebellion - background

A

-ambush henry on journey north

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20
Q

support for lord lovell and staffords

A

-No foreign support - only dozens in england

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21
Q

why was henry able to overcome lovell threat

A

-no strong leadership + lack of alt. king

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22
Q

who was lambert simnel - rebellion organised by

A

-impersonated eal of warwick - pretender // richard symonds priest + john de la pole

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23
Q

foreign support for lambert

A

-margaret of burgundy - accepts lambert as nephew - prove dislike to henry / john de la pole –> unnerving for henry as ppl supported pretender “- earl kildare proclaims simnel king in dublin “

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24
Q

why was henry able to overcome simnel threat

A

-battle of stoke 1487 - 12,000 herny vs 8,000 york - henry victorious overpowered simnel

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25
Q

signif of simnel rebellion

A

-progressed to battle / nov 1487 parliament targets nobility

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26
Q

perkin warbeck where did warbeck go and so where as a result

A

-rejected in kildare due to simnel –> charles VIII recieves as prince in france 1492 + margaret of burgundy

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27
Q

where did perkin warbeck go in 1495 + who made him heir

A

-1495- marries lady catherine gordon in scotland w/ king james IV –> maximilian of holy roman empire makes him heir

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28
Q

how did Henry deal w/ threat of Perkin Warbeck ?

A

-nov 1492 - treaty etaples w/ charles - no rebels housed / imposes trade ban on margaret of burgundy

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29
Q

why did edmund de la pole earl of suffolk revolt ?

A

-strips him of inheriting fathers ducal title - grudge - forced to attend ordinary court in 1499 (embarassing)

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30
Q

where did edmund de la pole go ?

A

calais due to army then to holy roman empire

31
Q

where were the 2 standing english armies?

A

-scotland (Hammes) + calais (Guisnes)

32
Q

edmund de la pole goes to who? and henry does what ?

A

-freak storm - phillip burgundy travels to claim spanish throen + shipwrecked in england - accpets £138,000 for edmund

33
Q

OP : who was the most severe threat to henry ?

A

edmund de la pole – deeply rooted grudge / widely recognised yorkist pretender / henry humiliated himself in attempting to retain edmund

34
Q

extra points on edmund de la pole being most signif

A

-support from Tyrell Gov.Guines (fort in france) + 1499-1505 henry’s psyche worn form rebellions + death of heir Arthur + Elizabeth of york adds gravity to situation

35
Q

Yorkshire rebellion causes 1489

A
  • henry raised income tax for war w/ france widespread resentment - £27,0000 / £100,0000
36
Q

yorkshire rebellion events 1489

A

-E.Northumberland puts case to king - failed + killed be rebels

37
Q

yorkshire rebellion - solved

A
  • early surrey defeats rebels – loyalty guaranteed as restoration E.Anglian estates rested on success
38
Q

yorkshire rebellion consequences

A

-henry doesn’t get money + rebels win

39
Q

cornwall 1497 rebellion - causes

A

-heavy tax to finances resistance for James IV + Warbeck expected invasion - independent cornish = angry

40
Q

events of cornwall rebellion

A

15,000 reach london

41
Q

consequences + signif of cornish

A

1,000 died + defeated - unconnected uprising - henry too focused on other threats to throne so rebellion allowed to escalate

42
Q

what does Henry’s reign mark the end of?

A

-end of independent feudal nobility and beginning of service nobility

43
Q

example of henry’s leniancy in dealing w/ nobility ?

A

-Sir Thomas howard - attained +imprisoned after bosworth

44
Q

what happened to sir thomas Howard?

A

-1487 refused to escape tower in plot + earnt estates back 1492 - supressing yorkshire rebellions

45
Q

how many new earls did henry create compared to Edward IV

A

edward made 9, henry made 3

46
Q

why did henry create so little earls (peerage)

A

-limited noble class = easier control + loss of income as crown lands had to be given

47
Q

peerage shrank from 62 at beginning of reign to

A

-42 by end of reign

48
Q

what did T.B Pugh say on peerage?

A

Royal intervention far more effective than failure of male heirs in diminishing magnate families’

49
Q

what was a reward used by henry ? - how did it help him to maintain power ?

A

-order of the garter - 37 new knights but no power / land given

50
Q

why did Henry want to curb retaining ?

A

–helped to perpetuate war of the roses

51
Q

two sets of retainers acts by Henry when - explain why?

A

-1487 - parliament vow to not retain illegally (start of a reign so gain control)/ 1504 stricter - death Arthur + Elizabeth feels vulnerable

52
Q

what was the biggest diff in attitude to retaining between edward +henry ?

A

-henry indicted those closest to him (kings mother, lady margaret in 1504)> edward turned a blind eye

53
Q

example of henry’s use of bonds

A

-Lord Dacre forced into a bond of £2000 in 1506

54
Q

who did Henry give forfeited crown lands to ?

A

-lawyers + members of privy chamber (gentry) - couldn’t gain too much power

55
Q

how did Henry help to strengthen royal finances? (3)

A

-re organise financial admin / exploit ordinary reveneue / increase extraordinary revenue

56
Q

how did henry keep stability in his council ?

A

-trustworthy councillors in power until death e.g. Lord chancellor John Morton for 14 yrs

57
Q

why was council learned of the law resented?

A

-controlled fiscal matters with NO JURY - key lawyers were epsom + Dudley

58
Q

what were henry’s new gentry + middle class ministers referred to as ?

A

-the ‘new men’ ushering in a ‘new monarchy’ –‘lesser men more beholden to the King’ - historian Steven Gunn

59
Q

example of yorkist nobility in henrys councils

A

-thomas howard loord treasurer in 1501 after release from tower

60
Q

what did Perkin Warbeck refer to henry’s new men(e.g. sir reginald bray) as

A

-‘villains of simple birth’

61
Q

henry also used new men as ?

A

-in exploiting lands to gain money he need experienced lawyers +auditors

62
Q

what did henry reward Jasper Tudor with>

A

-duke of bedford

63
Q

evidence to show henry was moving away from 1 magnate controlling a region towards end of his reign?

A

-death of jasper tudor + arthir in 1502 - wales controlled by council ran by unpowerful william smyth bishop coventry

64
Q

council of the north - how heavily controlled by henry ?

A

-HEAVILY - official on council william sever had to maintain regular contact w/ sir reginald bray in london

65
Q

why did henry trust wales more ? - evidence to show ?

A

-family links from owent tudor - jasper tudor in charge but welshmen e.g. Sir Rhys Ap Thomas govern SW Wales

66
Q

why was henry weary of ireland so what did he do?

A

-had recognised simnel + warbeck – prince henry lord lieutenant + Poynings (advisor) as deputy

67
Q

what law did Poynings pass ?

A

-Poynings Law - no law passed w/o kings approval 1494

68
Q

ireland in short + long term ?

A

-ST- prevent unathroised irish council that reciognises pretenders -LT-henry returns to earlier policy ruling ireland through chieftains + Earl of Kildare reinstated

69
Q

whose power ddi henry increase + why

A

-JPS + sheriffs who owed offices to king - local nobility could not develop too much power

70
Q

what did the sherrifs (police) become ?

A

eyes and ears’ of monarch in every county

71
Q

what did every hundred (subdivision of a county) need

A
  • a high constable + every parish a petty constable
72
Q

weaknesses of henry’s law enforcement system

A

-dependent on goodwill of officials - system paid servants would have been more effective but too expensive

73
Q

how often was paraliament summoned ?

A

-7 times

74
Q

why was parliament summoned so little?

A

-did not need taxes as foreign polciy avoided abroard campaigns / did not need large legisaltion - policies e.g. act of attainder subdue politcal opponenst

Tudor FC History (30 decks)

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