WK6: Cognitive view of learning

Question 1

What is general knowledge?

Answer 1

Useful in various tasks and applies to many situations.

Question 2

What is domain specific knowledge?

Answer 2

Useful in specific situations or applies mainly to one topic.

Question 3

What is knowledge?

Answer 3

Remembering something over time and being able to find it when needed. Outcome of learning and input into new knowing.

Question 4

What is perception?

Answer 4

The process of detecting a stimulus and assigning meaning to it.

Question 5

What is bottom up processing?

Answer 5

Noticing/analysing separate defining features to make a rough sketch. Features are assembled into recognised patterns

Question 6

What is top down processing?

Answer 6

Making sense of information using context and what we already know about the situation

Question 7

What are the different components of memory

Answer 7

Short term memory, Long term memory, sensory

Question 8

What is the function of sensory memory?

Answer 8

It briefly holds incoming stimuli, and the initial processing in sensory memory transforms these stimuli into information

Question 9

What is attention?

Answer 9

Attention is the selective process that limits what we perceive and process, allowing us to focus on selected stimuli while ignoring others.

Question 10

How does attention relate to cognitive tasks?

Answer 10

Attention allows us to attend to only one cognitively demanding task at a time. What we find cognitively demanding is strongly influenced by prior knowledge.

Question 11

What are the two types of multitasking?

Answer 11

Sequential multitasking involves switching back and forth from one task to another, focusing on one at a time. Simultaneous multitasking involves overlapping focus on several tasks

Question 12

What is Working Memory?

Answer 12

Short term memory. Working Memory is a system responsible for the short-term holding and processing of information. It has a limited capacity and requires active rehearsal to prevent information decay

Question 13

What decay in terms of memory?

Answer 13

weak memories over a passage of time

Question 14

What is displacement in terms of memory?

Answer 14

processing new info -> interferes with existing memory -> confusion

Question 15

What is depletion in terms of memory?

Answer 15

WM resources become depleted after a period of sustained cognitive exertion -> reduced capacity to commit further resources

Question 16

What is explicit memory?

Answer 16

Recalled and consciously considered memory.

Question 17

What is Explicit memory - semantic memory?

Answer 17

Memory for meaning, such as facts, words, and concepts that aren’t linked to particular experiences. It is void of context and involves propositions connected and stored in propositional networks.

Question 18

What is Explicit Memory - Episodic?

Answer 18

It is long-term memory for information tied to a particular time and place, involving memories that keep track of the order of events, but not necessarily by date.

Question 19

What is a flashbulb memory?

Answer 19

Flashbulb Memory refers to clear, vivid memories of emotionally important events in one’s life, typically associated with intense emotions, whether very positive or very negative.

Question 20

What is implicit memory - Procedural Memory?

Answer 20

Procedural Memory is the long-term memory of how to do things, stored as productions. As skills become automated, conscious access to verbalized thoughts diminishes, and remembering requires time and effort.

Question 21

Why is forgetting in long-term memory challenging?

Answer 21

Forgetting in long-term memory can be difficult; while initial forgetting may occur relatively fast, decay is gradual over time.

Question 22

What are two reasons for forgetting in long-term memory?

Answer 22

• Interference from new memories.
• Lack of the right cue for retrieval.

Question 23

How can memories be strengthened and enriched?

Answer 23

Memories can be strengthened and enriched through the process of retrieving and reconstructing them.

Question 24

What is Implicit Memory?

Answer 24

Implicit Memory refers to knowledge that we aren’t consciously recalling but can still influence our behavior or thoughts.

Question 25

What are the two subtypes of Implicit Memory?

Answer 25

Classical Conditioning:
Description: Involves the association of an emotional or physiological response with a stimulus.

Priming:
Description: Involves activating a concept in long-term memory or the spread of activation from one concept to another, influencing associations.

Question 26

What is embodied cognition?

Answer 26

Cognition is dependent on and shaped by our physical bodies

Question 27

What is situated cognition?

Answer 27

Social interactions and cultural practices shape cognition

Question 28

What is distributed cognition?

Answer 28

Mental representations are distributed across the tools we use to think with