WK5 Individual differences and the learner Flashcards
What is meant by intelligence?
- use knowledge to problem solve in unfamiliar situations
- process information
What are the two types of intelligence?
Crystallised and Fluid
What is crystallised intelligence?
knowledge that comes from prior learning and past experiences.
What is Fluid intelligence?
- A persons inherent capacity to learn and solve problems.
- When you encounter a new problem that cannot be solved with your existing knowledge, you rely on fluid intelligence to solve it.
Give an example of fluid intelligence
Solving a complex puzzle or tackling a new problem without relying on previous knowledge is an example of fluid intelligence.
Give an example of crystallised intelligence
Recalling historical facts or using vocabulary in a conversation -
What separates fluid and crystalised intelligence?
Fluid vs Crystallised
- Current ability vs prior learning
- learning new things vs recalling facts
- decreases with age vs increases with age
How do fluid and crystalised intelligence work together?
- complimentary to each other
- Through solving tasks with our fluid intelligence, we develop crystallised intelligence
What are the three types of functions?
- Executive functions:
- Performance functions: I
- Knowledge acquisition:
What is the triarchic theory?
It is Sternberg’s theory that says if the individual applies the 3 processes, they are able to develop three types of intelligence
What are the three types of intelligence in Triarchic theory?
- Analytic intelligence: Solving familiar problems.
- Creative intelligence: Using insight for new situations and automatic processing.
- Practical intelligence: Adapting for success in everyday life, like career and social skills.
Binet and Simon (1908):
-made test to determine the mental age of children
- Introduced the concept of mental age, comparing a child’s performance to the average abilities of their age group.
Stanford-Binet
Revised Binet’s test at Stanford, introduced IQ score (Intelligence Quotient) to compare mental and chronological ages using the formula (Mental Age/Chronological Age) * 100
Define Personality
stable and consistent pattern of thoughts, behaviours and attitudes that impacts world perception
What five traits of personality did Eysenck outline?
Extraverts: Sociable, seek excitement.
Introverts: Solitary, introspective.
Neurotics: Emotionally unstable, slow to calm.
Emotionally stable: Even-tempered, quick to calm.
Psychotics (rare): Aggressive, cold, impulsive, lack empathy.
