Winter Ops Flashcards
When operating a CEO aircraft in certain icing conditions on the ground, there is an enhanced ice shedding engine run up procedure. In what conditions is this enhanced procedure applicable and what is the procedure?
Freezing rain, freezing drizzle, freezing fog or heavy snow
In addition to standard 30 minute run ups, every 10 minutes, momentary run up to 70% N1
What conditions do you perform engine run ups?
What are the engine run up procedures for both CEO and NEO?
Conditions: Icing conditions and +3°C or less.
CEO: Parking brake on. Accelerate engines to approximately 70% N1 for 30 seconds at intervals not greater than 30 minutes
NEO: Parking brake on. Accelerate engines to approximately 50% N1 for 5 seconds at intervals not greater than 60 minutes
For both engine types, engine acceleration should be performed just before take off.
In event of frost formation on one or several areas of the wing, can localised deicing be applied to only the affected areas?
Yes.
Ensure both wings receive symmetrical treatment even if frost formation does not affect both wings symmetrically.
Only permitted if no precipitation falling.
No HOT applicable. Use Clean Aircraft concept.
What areas of the airframe are permitted to be contaminated with frost?
3mm on underside of wing tank areas
Additionally thin hoar frost permitted on upper fuselage, radome, engine exterior
In the three following scenarios, what is the minimum airspeed with ice accretion (defined by ice on the visual indicator)
1) Wing anti ice operative, CONF Clean, 1, 2 or 3;
2) Wing anti ice operative, CONF Full;
3) Wing anti ice not operative, all CONF
1) VLS + 10kt
2) VLS + 5kt {Full = Five}
3) VLS + 10kt/GREEN DOT
What’s the definition of active frost?
A condition when frost is forming and occurs when Aeroplane Surface Temperature is less than or equal to 0°C AND less than or equal to the dew point
How should Probe/Window heat be operated when on the ground in cold weather?
ON during Prelim Cockpit Prep
AUTO after first engine start (heating continues automatically)
What do the colours in HOT signify?
Colours relate to snowfall intensity derived from Snowfall Intensities as a Function of Prevailing Visibility table
In a 2 step process when does HOT start?
Start of application of second fluid
What are the key points related to Local Wing Frost Removal
Must be done symmetrically
No precipitation falling
On request of pilot only
No HOT applicable. Clean Aircraft concept instead
Can you take off after HOT exceeded?
Yes, if pre-takeoff contamination check conducted.
Pre take off check: failed fluid appears opaque; check both sides (wind affect one side more than the other); failure occurs leading/trailing edge first
Considerations for taxiing after landing in cold weather conditions
If chance of ice accumulating in flap area, leave flaps out
Leave engine anti ice on until shutdown
Perform engine run ups as required
SE taxi permitted if taxiway not slippery & no chance of ice accumulation on Engine #2
To retract flaps after engine shut down - procedure in Cold Weather Quick Reference
SNOWTAM max validity period
8 hours
Runway Condition Report RCR format
EDDM 011209 08L 3/3/3 100/100/100 04/04/04 WET SNOW/WET SNOW/WET SNOW
ICAO; DDMMTT; RWY; RWYCC; % per 1/3; Depth per 1/3; Surface descriptor per 1/3
EDDM 011209 08L 3/3/3 100/100/100 04/04/04 WET SNOW/WET SNOW/WET SNOW
What data do you use for contaminated runway performance? Take off, landing dispatch and landing in flight
Take off: Type & depth of contaminant, Runway Condition Determinator (Take Off)
Landing Dispatch: Type & depth of contaminant, Runway Condition Determinator (Landing Dispatch)
Landing In Flight: RCR and worst RWYCC contained in it. If non GRF format, use RCAM in QRH to get RWYCC
When do you make low altitude low temp corrections? What altitudes are they applied to?
Surface temp -10°C or below
DA & MDA
NPA minimum altitudes after passing FAF
FAF, except baro-VNAV procedures with temp limit
Contaminated Runway definition
A runway is contaminated when a significant portion of its surface is covered with: a layer of fluid contaminant not considered as thin (>3mm) OR a hard contaminant.
Significant portion: more than 25% of one third of runway surface area within the required length and width being used
What runway cold weather conditions do not permit takeoff?
Wet ice
Water on top of compacted snow
Snow over ice
RWYCC 0
Above on Takeoff Condition Determinator in Ops Data
Partial runway snow removal
Cleared/treated runway width - minimum 30m
Runways wider than 45m can be cleared to less than 45m. Not considered narrow runway unless limited by snow banks
What are the operational restrictions of operating on contaminated taxiways/runways?
No single engine taxi
No flex take off
Captains only take off
Consider:
Full length take off
Not tankering
What data should an Anti-Ice Code contain?
Type
Fluid % mix
Start time
“Post application check complete”
What are the considerations for remote de-icing?
Look at section in Winter Information Handbook (there’s a link from CWQR
Use a/c reg in communication with de-icer
Flaps/slats usually remain retracted for de-icing process. Consider setting flaps close to departure point to avoid internal slush/snow contamination; HOT also may be reduced by fluid sliding off extended flaps/slats.
Contaminated runway operations:
Must dos
Things to consider
Must Dos
TOGA take off
Captain only take off and landing
Check cross wind limits take off and landing
Use max reverse for landing
Consider
Using full length for take off
Not tankering
No SETD/A if taxi way slippery or contaminated
Could configure flap at holding point if taxiway slushy
Use MED autobrake on uniformly contaminated runway otherwise use manual braking.
What cold weather conditions prohibit take off?
FZRA or +FZRA
If a pre take off check cannot determine if frozen contaminants are adhering and / or that fluid failure has occurred, take off also prohibited in:
- Heavy Snow +SN
- Ice pellets PL
- Hail GS.
