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Earth Science > Wind Erosion and Desert Features > Flashcards

Wind Erosion and Desert Features Flashcards

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1
Q

Is there flowing water in deserts?

A

no

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2
Q

what is the main force/agent/source of erosion in deserts?

A

wind

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3
Q

the main erosive mechanism within wind is ____ that is carried along in it.

A

sand

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4
Q

What are the three processes moving wind-blown sediments?

A
  • surface creep - salutation - suspension
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5
Q

_____ ______ rolls large sized along the ground

A

surface creep

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6
Q

_____ moves medium sized grains (in this instance _____ - sized grains)

A

saltation, sand

  • saltation is a series of short jumps in which the particles move along with the wind
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7
Q

______ moves small/fine sized grains (in this instance _____ -sized grains)

A

suspension, dust

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8
Q

What does suspension of sand cause?

A

dust storms

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9
Q

______ is the process by which particles are moved across the surface of rocks and acts as sandpaper smoothing those surfaces.

A

Abrasion

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10
Q

what are features formed by wind erosion?

A

arches, pillars,

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11
Q

______ occurs in areas where there is little to no vegetation

A

deflation

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12
Q

What happens in deflation?

A

small particles such as clay and silt are blown away by the wind

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13
Q

In deflation _____ particles are blown away by the wind

A

small

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14
Q

what are the small particles that are blown away by deflation?

A

clay, silt

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15
Q

desert pavement forms from the process of _____

A

deflation

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16
Q

What are the mechanisms/processes of wind erosion?

A
  • abrasion
  • deflation
  • desertification
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17
Q

What are the three products of abrasion?

A
  • ventifacts -
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18
Q

What are the three products of abrasion?

A
  • ventifacts
  • arches
  • hoodoos
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19
Q

Ventifacts often indicate _____ direction

A

wind

  • Ventifacts can be important in seeing the prevailing wind directions in the present as well as in the past
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20
Q

What are ventifacts?

A

rocks that have been shaped by the wind

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21
Q

In the process of _______ wind-blown particles blow against the surface of rocks

A

abrasion

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22
Q

The main course of erosion in deserts is _____

A

wind

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23
Q

What are the three features that can form as a product of abrasion?

A
  • ventifacts
  • arches
  • voodoos
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24
Q

What are the three features that can form as a product of abrasion?

A
  • ventifacts
  • arches
  • hoodoos
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25
Q

_______ are wind-blown pillars

A

Hoodoos

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26
Q

Hoodoos can indicate wind ______.

A
  • direction

Especially if they are older they can indicate how wind directions have been in the past and if they have changed at all

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27
Q

Where does deflation occur?

A

In areas where there is little or no vegetation

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28
Q

________ is the process by which small particles (such as clay and silt sized-particles) are removed by the wind and larger particles are left behind

A

Deflation

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29
Q

Deflation is the process by which ______ particles are removed by the wind and ______ particles are left behind

A

small, large

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30
Q

_____ particles, over time, will be blown away and as these particles are blown away there will be a concentration of ____ particles on the surface.

A

small, large

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31
Q

As small particles are blown away the surface _____ down in a process called _____.

A

drops, deflation

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32
Q

A product of _____ is desert pavement?

A

deflation

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33
Q

What is a product of deflation?

A

desert pavement

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34
Q

As smaller particles continue to be ______ you eventually reach the point where there are no small particles left on the surface.

A

removed

35
Q

When no further deflation can occur _____ _____ arises.

A

desert pavement

36
Q

What are two features or products of wind erosion?

A
  • dunes
  • floods
37
Q

____ are wind deposited ridges or hills of sand

A

dunes

38
Q

What are dunes?

A

wind deposited ridges or hills of sand

39
Q

What is a feature of a sand dune?

A
  • typically asymmetrical in shape
40
Q

Dunes are typically asymmetrical in shape meaning that there is a ____ face and a ____ face

A

longer, shorter

41
Q

The ______ face is the face that faces the prevailing wind direction

A

windward

42
Q

The longer face of dunes are called the _______ face

A

windward

43
Q

The shorter face is called the ______ face

A

leeward, slip

44
Q

What is a feature or characteristic of the windward face?

A
  • it faces the prevailing wind direction
45
Q

What is a feature or characteristic of the leeward face?

A
  • it is steeper
46
Q

Wind blows up the ______ face and blows down the _______ leeward face

A

windward, leeward

47
Q

Does wind blow up or down the windward face?

A

up

48
Q

Does wind blow up or down the leeward face?

A

down

49
Q

Are dunes constantly growing and shaping?

A

yes

50
Q

There are many different ______ of dunes that vary based on a few different _____

A

types, factors

51
Q

What are the types of dunes?

A
  • Barchan
  • Star
  • Parabolic
  • Longitudinal
  • Transverse
52
Q

______ dunes are crescent shaped

A

Barchan

53
Q

______ dunes migrate across the desert as the sand continues to blow.

A

Barchan

54
Q

______ dunes are a blown out U-shaped dunes

A

Parabolic

55
Q

The _____ of parabolic dunes are anchored in some sort of _____ and then the wind blows out a ______ curve

A

legs, vegetation, concave

56
Q

______ dunes form parallel to the prevailing wind direction

A

Longitudinal

57
Q

______ dunes form perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction

A

transverse

58
Q

Do transverse dunes form parallel or perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction?

A

perpendicular

59
Q

Do longitudinal dunes form parallel or perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction?

A

parallel

60
Q

Which type of dune can form when a number of barchan dunes form together into lines?

A

transverse

61
Q

What are the three factors that influence dune formation and behavior?

A
  • wind
  • vegetation
  • sand supply

In any particular desert the wind speed and direction, the sand supply, and the amount of vegetation combine to form different types of dunes.

62
Q

What is a unidirectional wind?

A

a wind that always blows in one direction

63
Q

What is no direction preferred?

A

wind that intermittently blows from all directions

64
Q

Barchan dunes form in deserts that have a wind coming primarily from ____ direction

A

one

65
Q

Star dunes form in areas where there is ___ _______ wind direction.

A

no preferred

66
Q

Which type of dune tends to form in deserts that have a lot of sand?

A

Transverse dunes

67
Q

Which type of dune tends to form in deserts that have low sand supply?

A

Longitudinal dunes

68
Q

When there is a rain event in a desert they often result in _____ ______

A

flash floods

  • a flash flood has a lot of water and sediment being carried over a short time. The water is muddy, has a high load, and is transporting a lot of material in a very short of time.
69
Q

Why does flash flooding happen in deserts?

A

Because deserts are very dry, the introduction of water is going to have a strong erosive force

70
Q

What features do flash floods deposit?

A

alluvial fans

71
Q

Many alluvial fans coalesce into a ____

A

bajada

72
Q

What is a bajada?

A

Many alluvial fans

e.g.

death valley

73
Q

a flash flood has a lot of ____ and _____ being carried over a short time.

A

water, sediment

74
Q

As flash floods run down a slope and empty into some valley or plane they _____ material in the shape of a fan.

A

deposit

75
Q

If many alluvial fans begin to overlap they form a feature that is known as a _____

A

bajada.

76
Q

The process of ______ is the creation of desert conditions in areas that were previously not deserts.

A

desertification

77
Q

Can desertification be influenced by human activity?

A

yes

78
Q

Is desertification a natural process?

A

yes

79
Q

What are the signs of desertification?

A
  • lowering water tables
  • Higher salt content in soil and water
  • High rates of soil erosion
  • Destruction of vegetation
80
Q

What is an example of desertification?

A

the Dust Bowl

81
Q

How did the Dust Bowl occur?

A

poor farming practices combined with a drought caused a bit of desertification in the midwest as a lot of soil was blown away in a short amount of time

82
Q

One of the great projects during the time of the Dust Bowl was to create a _____ ____ across the planes to prevent any further loss of soil

A

tree belt

83
Q

What areas are susceptible or vulnerable to desertification?

A
  • semi-arid areas near deserts
  • poor soil management in intensely farmed areas
84
Q

In semi arid areas farmers have to be _____ of soil management to prevent loss of soil in order to preserve their food source.

A

mindful

Earth Science (42 decks)

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