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Earth Science > Atoms and Bonding > Flashcards

Atoms and Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

Atoms are…

A

the smallest particle of matter

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2
Q

Every atom is made up of ____ different types of particles

A

3

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3
Q

In the nucleus there are ____ and _____

A

Protons, neutrons

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4
Q

Protons are positively charged, negatively charged, or uncharged ?

A

Positively charged

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5
Q

Neutrons are positively charged, negatively charged, or uncharged ?

A

uncharged

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6
Q

Flying around the nucleus are _____

A

electrons

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7
Q

Electrons are positively charged, negatively charged, or uncharged ?

A

negatively charged

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8
Q

The atomic number of an element is _____

A

the amount of protons

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9
Q

The atomic mass of an atom is the number of…

A

protons + neutrons

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10
Q

Do electrons have a mass?

A

No, they are so small that they effectively have no mass so we do not include them in the atomic mass

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11
Q

What are ions?

A

Ions are atoms that have lost or gained electrons

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12
Q

If you gain or lose _____ it affects the overall electrical charge of an atom.

A

electrons

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13
Q

Are ions naturally electrically charged?

A

Yes

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14
Q

An isotope of an element is ….

A

a variation of that element that has a different number of neutrons

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15
Q

Does an isotope change an atoms atomic mass?

A

Yes, because the number of neutrons is different, and neutrons carry mass

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16
Q

an example of an isotope is?

A

Carbon-12 to Carbon-13

Carbon-12 is the most common type of carbon, which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. If a carbon atom forms that has an extra neutron then that is called Carbon-13.

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17
Q

Carbon-12 has ____ protons and ____ neutrons

A

6 and 6

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18
Q

Is Carbon- 12 the most common type of carbon?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Why is carbon-13 an isotope of Carbon-12?

A

Because the Carbon atom carries one more neutron, and thus has a larger mass.

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20
Q

What can Isotopes be used for?

A

to determine how old things are

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21
Q

Is Carbon-14 used to date archeological materials?

A

Yes

22
Q

When two or more atoms become linked together, that is called…

A

chemical bonding

23
Q

Chemical bonding is when ____ or more atoms ____ together.

A

2, link

24
Q

After two or more atoms are chemically bonded, the resulting arrangement of atoms is called a…

A

molecule

25
Q

what is a molecule?

A

a group of atoms bonded together

26
Q

What are two different ways/processes of chemical bonding?

A

ionic bonding and covalent bonding

27
Q

An ionic bond happens when

A

an atom that has a very strong positive charge in its nucleus attracts electrons from other atoms. The atom that steals an electron will become negatively charged, and the atom that loses an electron will become positively charged. Consequently, they will be stuck together because of their opposite charges like a magnet.

28
Q

if you have an atom that steals an electron from another atom, the thief atom will become _______ charged and the victim atom will become ______ charged.

A

negatively, positively

29
Q

In a covalent bond the two atoms _____ electrons.

A

share

30
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When two atoms share electrons in a giant electrons cloud.

31
Q

What is a mineral mineral that is bonded by ionic bonding?

A

Halite (table salt)

32
Q

Table salt is made up of sodium and chloride atoms that are ______ together by an ionic bond.

A

bonded

33
Q

Are ionic bonds strong, moderately strong, or weak?

A

moderately strong

34
Q

Does the strength of the bond affect the strength of the mineral?

A

Yes, a moderately strong bond such as an ionic bond creates a moderately strong mineral

35
Q

What is the strongest type of bonding?

A

covalent bonding

36
Q

What is a mineral that is covalently bonded?

A

diamond

37
Q

What is a weak type of bonding?

A

metallic bonding

38
Q

What happens during metallic bonding?

A

The atoms are packed so tightly together, in the densest possible manner, that they kind of stick together.

39
Q

Is pure gold soft or hard? Why?

A

Soft because the gold atoms have been metallically bonded

40
Q

What is the weakest type of bonding?

A

Van Der Waals bonding

41
Q

Van De Waals bonding is a _____ attraction between atoms and molecules

A

weak

42
Q

In what mineral do we see Van Der Waals bonding?

A

Graphite. Just rubbing a pencil of graphite along a sheet of paper breaks the bonds, and the graphite rubs off onto the paper

43
Q

When you write the _____ of your hand breaks off a trail of carbon particles.

A

pressure

44
Q

As atoms bond together they form ______

A

Molecules

45
Q

Molecules combine to form a _______ ________ in minerals

A

crystal structure

46
Q

How does a crystal structure form?

A

when molecules combine

47
Q

Every mineral has a ______ crystal structure and chemical composition

A

definite

48
Q

Be3Al2Si6O18 is an example of emeralds….

A

chemical composition

49
Q

The atoms bond together in a specific ______ pattern.

A

geometric

50
Q

What two things constitute a minerals crystal structure?

A

a definite chemical composition
a specific geometric pattern.
Because the disparate atoms that make up the chemical composition are bonded together in a specific and unique way, the mineral has a specific geometric pattern.

Earth Science (42 decks)

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