Atoms and Bonding Flashcards
Atoms are…
the smallest particle of matter
Every atom is made up of ____ different types of particles
3
In the nucleus there are ____ and _____
Protons, neutrons
Protons are positively charged, negatively charged, or uncharged ?
Positively charged
Neutrons are positively charged, negatively charged, or uncharged ?
uncharged
Flying around the nucleus are _____
electrons
Electrons are positively charged, negatively charged, or uncharged ?
negatively charged
The atomic number of an element is _____
the amount of protons
The atomic mass of an atom is the number of…
protons + neutrons
Do electrons have a mass?
No, they are so small that they effectively have no mass so we do not include them in the atomic mass
What are ions?
Ions are atoms that have lost or gained electrons
If you gain or lose _____ it affects the overall electrical charge of an atom.
electrons
Are ions naturally electrically charged?
Yes
An isotope of an element is ….
a variation of that element that has a different number of neutrons
Does an isotope change an atoms atomic mass?
Yes, because the number of neutrons is different, and neutrons carry mass
an example of an isotope is?
Carbon-12 to Carbon-13
Carbon-12 is the most common type of carbon, which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. If a carbon atom forms that has an extra neutron then that is called Carbon-13.
Carbon-12 has ____ protons and ____ neutrons
6 and 6
Is Carbon- 12 the most common type of carbon?
Yes
Why is carbon-13 an isotope of Carbon-12?
Because the Carbon atom carries one more neutron, and thus has a larger mass.
What can Isotopes be used for?
to determine how old things are
Is Carbon-14 used to date archeological materials?
Yes
When two or more atoms become linked together, that is called…
chemical bonding
Chemical bonding is when ____ or more atoms ____ together.
2, link
After two or more atoms are chemically bonded, the resulting arrangement of atoms is called a…
molecule
what is a molecule?
a group of atoms bonded together
What are two different ways/processes of chemical bonding?
ionic bonding and covalent bonding
An ionic bond happens when
an atom that has a very strong positive charge in its nucleus attracts electrons from other atoms. The atom that steals an electron will become negatively charged, and the atom that loses an electron will become positively charged. Consequently, they will be stuck together because of their opposite charges like a magnet.
if you have an atom that steals an electron from another atom, the thief atom will become _______ charged and the victim atom will become ______ charged.
negatively, positively
In a covalent bond the two atoms _____ electrons.
share
What is a covalent bond?
When two atoms share electrons in a giant electrons cloud.
What is a mineral mineral that is bonded by ionic bonding?
Halite (table salt)
Table salt is made up of sodium and chloride atoms that are ______ together by an ionic bond.
bonded
Are ionic bonds strong, moderately strong, or weak?
moderately strong
Does the strength of the bond affect the strength of the mineral?
Yes, a moderately strong bond such as an ionic bond creates a moderately strong mineral
What is the strongest type of bonding?
covalent bonding
What is a mineral that is covalently bonded?
diamond
What is a weak type of bonding?
metallic bonding
What happens during metallic bonding?
The atoms are packed so tightly together, in the densest possible manner, that they kind of stick together.
Is pure gold soft or hard? Why?
Soft because the gold atoms have been metallically bonded
What is the weakest type of bonding?
Van Der Waals bonding
Van De Waals bonding is a _____ attraction between atoms and molecules
weak
In what mineral do we see Van Der Waals bonding?
Graphite. Just rubbing a pencil of graphite along a sheet of paper breaks the bonds, and the graphite rubs off onto the paper
When you write the _____ of your hand breaks off a trail of carbon particles.
pressure
As atoms bond together they form ______
Molecules
Molecules combine to form a _______ ________ in minerals
crystal structure
How does a crystal structure form?
when molecules combine
Every mineral has a ______ crystal structure and chemical composition
definite
Be3Al2Si6O18 is an example of emeralds….
chemical composition
The atoms bond together in a specific ______ pattern.
geometric
What two things constitute a minerals crystal structure?
a definite chemical composition
a specific geometric pattern.
Because the disparate atoms that make up the chemical composition are bonded together in a specific and unique way, the mineral has a specific geometric pattern.
