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Earth Science > Glacial Motion and Deposition > Flashcards

Glacial Motion and Deposition Flashcards

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1
Q

The mass balance of a glacier is any net _____ or net _____ of ice.

A

gain, loss

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2
Q

What is mass balance?

A

any net gain or net loss of ice

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3
Q

Net gain is ______ of ice

A

accumulation

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4
Q

Net loss is _______ of ice

A

ablation

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5
Q

what is the single most important factor on whether a glacier is growing or shrinking?

A

summer temperature

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6
Q

During the winter months _____ falls and recharges the glacier in the uphill areas and flows downhill

A

snow

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7
Q

Where do glaciers melt in the summer?

A

at the terminus

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8
Q

Glacial motion occurs due to _____

A

gravity

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9
Q

Ice in a glacier behaves like a _____ until you get 50 meters deep, where the ice gets more plastic/moldable

A

solid

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10
Q

Glaciers flow _______

A

downslope

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11
Q

glaciers move _____ at less than ___ inches per day

A

slowly, 10

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12
Q

Increased weight or pressure on ice causes the crystal ____ to align which causes the ice to be more moldable

A

axes

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13
Q

What two processes do glaciers move by?

A
  • Internal flow
  • basal sliding
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14
Q

what happens during internal flow?

A

after the crystal axis align, they can mold and ooze past one another.

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15
Q

Is internal flow fast or slow?

A

slow - molecule to molecule movement

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16
Q

Is Basal sliding a slow or rapid process?

A

rapid

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17
Q

basal sliding happens as a result of ____ moving against the ground surface below it.

A

ice

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18
Q

the movement of ice against the ground surface creates ______ which produces _____ which causes ____

A

friction, heat, melting.

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19
Q

As melt water accumulates at the basis of a glacier it acts as a _______ for the glacier to slide down on top of

A

lubricant

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20
Q

Glaciers are the most powerful _____ of erosion

A

agents

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21
Q

Glaciers can pick up large rocks from the ground and _____ them to different locations

A

move

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22
Q

Glaciers erode efficiently by…

A
  • filing rock surfaces smooth
  • Plowing rocks from the ground
  • Transporting sediments
23
Q

How are rocks filed and plowed by glaciers?

A
  • rock fragments are carried within the glacier
  • Near the base, rock fragments scrape the ground
24
Q

Near the base, rock fragments ______ the ground.

A

scrape

25
Q

What happens to rock fragments near the ground?

A

they scrape the ground

26
Q

When large rock fragments scrape the ground they cause…

A

glacial striations

27
Q

rock fragments at the base of a glacier can rub and scratch ______ into the rocks that they are moving over.

A

grooves

  • called glacial striations
28
Q

Glacial Striations help us understand the _______ that glaciers moved over the surface

A

direction

29
Q

What are the four distinctive land marks that mountain glaciers produce?

A
  • cirques
  • arete
  • Horns
  • U-shaped valleys
30
Q

What are cirques?

A

bowl-shaped depressions at the head of the glacier.

31
Q

______ are sharp ridges between valleys

A

aretes

32
Q

what are horns?

A

pyramidal peaks from which a number of valley glaciers descend

33
Q

How are horns developed?

A

when cirques are cut out on all sides of a mountain

34
Q

Glaciers ______ a lot of sediment

A

deposit

35
Q

what is the main feature that distinguishes glacially deposited sediment from sediment that is deposited by streams or wind?

A

sediment deposited by glaciers is not sorted

36
Q

When glaciers pick up sediments they pick up different ______ sediments and move them ______

A

sized, together

37
Q

The sediment deposed by glacial erosion is _____.

A

unsorted

38
Q

Unsorted rock and sediment is called ____

A

till

39
Q

What is glacial till?

A

Unsorted rock and sediment

40
Q

what is a distinct glacial depositional feature?

A

Moraines

41
Q

What are moraines?

A

narrow ridges of deposited materials

42
Q

How are moraines categorized?

A

They are given different names according to where they form in the glacier

43
Q

_____ moraines form along the sides of a glacier

A

lateral

44
Q

Where do lateral moraines form?

A

along the sides of a glacier

45
Q

Where do terminal moraines form?

A

at the end of a glacier

46
Q

Converging glaciers leave a ridge of till called a _____ moraine

A

median

47
Q

Where do medial moraines form?

A

in the middle of a glacier, especially when two glaciers combine

48
Q

What are two other depositional glacier features?

A
  • Kettle lakes
  • eskers
49
Q

what are eskers?

A

raised beds that are formed underneath the glaciers by sediment left behind from meltwater streams in a glacier’s body

50
Q

How are kettle lakes formed?

A

As glaciers dig out pockets of ground those pockets fill with water from the trapped ice left behind in the deposited till/outwash

51
Q

Kettle lakes form as glaciers dig out pockets of ____ and then those pockets fill with ____

A

ground, water

52
Q

Trapped ice left behind in the deposited till creates _____ ____

A

kettle lakes

53
Q

Melt water streams in a glacier’s body leave behind sediment in a raised bed called an ______.

A

esker

Earth Science (42 decks)

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