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Earth Science > Eruption types > Flashcards

Eruption types Flashcards

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1
Q

What is magma?

A

melted rock

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2
Q

Traditionally and typically where is magma found?

A

under the Earth’s surface

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3
Q

what is magma primarily composed of?

A

silica rocks

- 45 to 75 percent of silicate minerals

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4
Q

magma is composed of ____ to ___ percent of silicate minerals

A

45 to 75

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5
Q

which minerals is magma composed of

A

silicate

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6
Q

temperatures of erupting lava range from..

A

800-1200 digress celsius

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7
Q

What is one of the most important properties of magma?

A

its viscosity

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8
Q

what is viscosity?

A

how thick a fluid is

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9
Q

viscosity is how _____ a fluid is

A

thick

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10
Q

fluids with high viscosity flow _____

A

slowly

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11
Q

fluids with low viscosity flow _____

A

easily

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12
Q

What two variables does a madams viscosity depend on?

A

temperature, silica content

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13
Q

higher temperature magma has a _____ viscosity

A

lower

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14
Q

the hotter the magma…

A

the more easily it flows

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15
Q

magma that has more silica (felsic) has a _____ viscosity

A

higher

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16
Q

if magma has high silica it…

A

flows more slowly

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17
Q

magma that has less silica (mafic) has a _____ viscosity

A

lower

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18
Q

less viscus magma lets gas escape more ______

A

easily

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19
Q

dissolved gas content of magma depends on….

A

viscosity

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20
Q

the nature of volcanic eruption depends on…

A

dissolved gas content

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21
Q

if you have a lot of dissolved gas you will get a more ________ eruption

A

explosive

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22
Q

more viscus magma…

A

holds more gas

23
Q

less viscous magma are ______ explosive

A

less

24
Q

different types of volcanoes form according to the different ______ that is being erupted at that point.

A

magma

25
Q

low viscosity lava erupting creates…

A

Hawaiian type eruption

26
Q

What do Hawaiian eruptions form?

A
  • a type of volcano called shield volcanoes

- flood basalts

27
Q

shield volcanoes form from…

A

Hawaiion eruptions

28
Q

Hawaiian eruptions happened when there is…

A

low viscosity lava erupting

29
Q

shield volcanoes are _____ and _____ volcanoes

A

large, broad

30
Q

do shield volcanoes have explosive eruptions?

A

no

31
Q

flood basalts are the ______ eruptions of lava on Earth

A

largest

32
Q

What is the distance a flood basaltic eruption can exceed?

A

2000km

33
Q

How long can the individual lava flow of a flood basalt flow?

A

10 plus years

34
Q

Are flood basalts rare or common occurrences?

A

rare

35
Q

Flood basalts provide evidence that…

A

the earth goes through periods of enhanced volcanic activity

36
Q

major extinctions correspond with…

A

flood basalts

37
Q

what is thought to cause flood basalts?

A

combination of continental rifting on top of a mantle plume that just brings abnormally hot material to the surface, and as that material rises to the surface the pressure drops and causes even more melting. huge gush of magma to the surface

38
Q

Strombolian eruptions are created from _______ viscosity lava

A

intermediate

39
Q

Strombolian eruptions form volcanoes called…

A

cinder cones

40
Q

Cinder cones are _____ volcanoes made of loose volcanic rock

A

small

41
Q

Plinian eruptions are composed of magma that has _____ viscosity

A

high

42
Q

Plinian eruptions are _____ and _____

A

explosive, violent

43
Q

Plinian eruptions form volcanoes called…

A

stratovolcanoes

  • look like mountains, are tall, huge, have massive eruptions
44
Q

What are the three types of volcanoes?

A

shield, cinder cone, stratovolcano

45
Q

List the explosiveness of the types of explosions in order of least to most explosive.

A
  1. Hawaiian
  2. Strombolian
  3. Plinian
46
Q

List the size of the types of volcanoes in order of largest to smallest

A
  1. shield
  2. stratovolcano
  3. cinder cone
47
Q

What are four other features associated with volcanoes?

A

craters, calderas, geysers, fumaroles

48
Q

what are craters?

A

bowl-shaped depression at volcanoes summit

49
Q

What is a caldera?

A

larger depression from collapse due to emptying magma chamber

50
Q

What is the only difference between calderas and craters?

A

calderas are much larger

51
Q

How are geysers and fumaroles formed?

A

by hot water and gases from a nearby fuming magma chamber

52
Q

what type of volcanoes do convergent boundaries tend to form?

A

stratovolcanoes (silica-rich magma)

53
Q

where are volcanoes concentrated?

A

along plate tectonic boundaries.

54
Q

where do shield volcanoes tend to form?

A

along divergent boundaries

Earth Science (42 decks)

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