Heat Transfer, Mantle Plumes & Tectonic Cycle

Question 1

What causes plates to move, what drives the movement of these plates, why do they move across the surface of the Earth?

Answer 1

still ongoing research about these questions but the best theories have to do with the movement and transfer of heat within the Earth.

Question 2

the heat within the Earth comes form the initial (ignition)_____ of the Earth and its been cooling down ever since

Answer 2

formation

Question 3

Energy driving plate tectonics comes from Earth internal ______.

Answer 3

heat

Question 4

The earth has internal heat from…

Answer 4

its initial formation processes and ongoing radioactive decay

Question 5

What are the two basic ways heat transfers through any media?

Answer 5

conduction and convection

Question 6

When heat moves through a solid body without deforming it this is called…

Answer 6

conduction

Question 7

______ is the transfer of heat from atom to atom and molecule to molecule

Answer 7

Conduction

Question 8

What is an example of conduction?

Answer 8

a coffee mug - when you pour coffee into the mug, the outside of the mug feels warm in your hands because the heat is moving through the atoms of the ceramic mug

Question 9

Is conduction a slow or fast process?

Answer 9

slow

Question 10

What is convection?

Answer 10

heat transfer as a result of hot material circulating from hotter to cooler areas, losing its heat, and recycling

Question 11

Convection is the _______ of hot material

Answer 11

circulation

Question 12

Convection is heat transfer as a result of hot material….

Answer 12

circulating form hotter to cooler areas, losing its heat, and recycling.

Question 13

In convection heat circulates from ______ to ______ areas, as it does so it ______ its heat and recycles

Answer 13

hotter, cooler, loses

Question 14

hot water naturally rises because it is less _____, as hot water reaches the surface it starts to ______ down, cool water _____ because it is more dense, as the cool water reaches the bottom it starts to heat up and ____.

Answer 14

dense, cool, sinks, rises

Question 15

the circulation of fluid or gases is called…

Answer 15

convection

Question 16

convection is _____ and _____

Answer 16

efficient, rapid

Question 17

In the mantle there is _____ ________ occurring

Answer 17

heat transfer

-hot material can circulate somewhat inside the plasticy mantle

Question 18

the _______ of the mantle serves to pull the tectonic plates along with it

Answer 18

convection

Question 19

What is another name for a mantle plume?

Answer 19

a hot spot

Question 20

a mantle plume is also called a….

Answer 20

hot spot

Question 21

mantle plumes are…

Answer 21

sources of hot swelling rock that come up through the Earth’s crust

Question 22

What do manly plumes produce?

Answer 22

• volcanic island chains -

Question 23

Hot spots are areas of the world where…

Answer 23

magma comes up through the crust, not related to plate boundaries

Question 24

A mantle plume is ______ and the plate moves above it

Answer 24

stationary

Question 25

hot spots track…

Answer 25

plate movement

Question 26

the tectonic cycle is the idea that…

Answer 26

all of the rock, and mantle, and crustal material we have on Earth is all we are ever going to have. It is a closed cycle made up of open cycles

Question 27

the tectonic cycle is the process and cycle by which new _____ lithosphere is formed and old is destroyed

Answer 27

oceanic

Question 28

The processes of the tectonic cycle include the actions of…

Answer 28

• Earthquakes - Volcanoes - Plate motion due to mantle convection

Question 29

Is there an overall net decrease or increase in the Earths crust?

Answer 29

neither. no net increase

Question 30

where is new crust being created?

Answer 30

divergent margin

Question 31

everywhere where _____ crust is being created it is balanced out by the destruction of ____ crust

Answer 31

new, old

Question 32

where is old crust being destroyed?

Answer 32

convergent margin

Question 33

where is crust primarily formed?

Answer 33

• divergent margins - hot spots/ mantle plumes

Question 34

what happens to crust/plates at divergent boundaries?

Answer 34

in divergent boundaries plates are melted back into magma

Question 35

what is another name for the supercontinent cycle?

Answer 35

the Wilson cycle

Question 36

the supercontinent cycle is the idea that…

Answer 36

Earths continents periodically form up into supercontinents and then break apart and drift across the globe and then reform into another supercontinent and then break up and drift apart.

Question 37

What is the most recent supercontinent?

Answer 37

the continent of Pamngea

Question 38

there is evidence of an older supercontinent called…

Answer 38

Rodinia

Question 39

because we have evidence of two supercontinents we can _____ that there will be other, older supercontinents as well

Answer 39

infer