Sedimentary Rocks

Question 1

Sedimentary rocks are formed from _____

Answer 1

sediment

Question 2

What is sediment?

Answer 2

any broken-down crustal rock

Question 3

Any rock that has been broken down into smaller pieces is called?

Answer 3

sediment

Question 4

Where does sediment form?

Answer 4

at the surface where rock down

Question 5

Can sediments be carried away?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

Sediments are carried away by the process of…

Answer 6

Erosion

Question 7

What can carry away a sediment?

Answer 7

a river

Question 8

A river can ____ ____ sediment

Answer 8

carried away

Question 9

Once the rock is carried away it may be _____

Answer 9

deposited

Question 10

_____ is the when a rock is deposited

Answer 10

deposition

Question 11

What is deposition?

Answer 11

the process of sediment being deposited

Question 12

When the sediment forms into solid rock again it can be called a ______ rock

Answer 12

sedimentary

Question 13

The process of sediment being reconstituted into rock is..

Answer 13

lithification

Question 14

______ is the process that takes deposited sediment and produces a whole rock

Answer 14

Lithification

Question 15

Lithification reconstitutes _____ into ______

Answer 15

sediment, rock

Question 16

When we say that rocks are lithified we mean that they are…

Answer 16

solidified

Question 17

What are the three forms of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 17

• Clastic
• Chemical
• Biogenic

Question 18

What are clastic rocks made of?

Answer 18

Clastic rocks are made up of broken-down fragments of rocks

Question 19

How do we categorize clastic rocks?

Answer 19

according to the size of the sediments that they are made of

Question 20

We categorize clastic rocks according to the size of their sediments or _____

Answer 20

clasts

Question 21

_____ are the constituent fragments of clastic rocks

Answer 21

clasts

Question 22

What are clasts?

Answer 22

The sediment of the clastic rock

Question 23

A rock made up of gravel size sediment (chunks of rock) is called either a _____ or _____

Answer 23

Conglomerate, Breccia

Question 24

If the grave-sized pieces of a clastic rock are rounded then it is…

Answer 24

Conglomerate

Question 25

What is a Conglomerate rock?

Answer 25

a clastic rock that is made up of rounded gravel-size sediment

Question 26

If the gravel-sized pieces of a clastic rock are angular then it is...

Answer 26

Breccia

Question 27

Does Breccia have angular or rounded, gravel-sized sediment?

Answer 27

angular

Question 28

If a rock is made up of sand-sized pieces we call it...

Answer 28

sandstone

Question 29

Are Breccia and Conglomerate made up of gravel-sized or sand-sized pieces?

Answer 29

gravel-sized

Question 30

If it is made up of silt-sized particles it is called a...

Answer 30

siltstone

Question 31

If it is made up of clay or very fine particles it is called...

Answer 31

Shale

Question 32

Siltstone is made up of ___- sized sediment

Answer 32

silt

Question 33

Is Shale made up of silt-sized particles, clay, or sand-sized particles?

Answer 33

clay

Question 34

Which is made up of the smallest particles, Sandstone, siltstone, or shale?

Answer 34

shale

Question 35

Which is made up of smaller particles, Sandstone or siltstone?

Answer 35

Siltstone

Question 36

Is sandstone made up of clay?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

Siltstone is made up of _____ mud

Answer 37

silty

Question 38

Shale is made up of ____ mud

Answer 38

clayey

Question 39

What are the three processes that convert loose clasts or sediments into a sedimentary rock?

Answer 39

- Compaction - Cementation - Re-crystallization

Question 40

_____ is the process by which sediments are squeezed together to form a rock

Answer 40

Compaction

Question 41

What is compaction?

Answer 41

the process by which class or sediments are squeezed together to form a rock

Question 42

Compaction ______ sediment into a rock

Answer 42

pressurizes

Question 43

_____ is the processes by which a mineral, usually a carbonate mineral, forms a glue or a cement in between the clasts that are squeezed together

Answer 43

Cementation

Question 44

What is cementation?

Answer 44

the process by which a mineral forms a glue or cement int between the clasts that are squeezed together by compaction

Question 45

Does cementation accompany compaction?

Answer 45

Yes

Question 46

_______ happens when the mineral crystals realign into a different shape and therefore a different mineral

Answer 46

Re-crystallization

Question 47

How do chemical sedimentary rocks form?

Answer 47

when water soluble-chemicals become undissolved out of the water

Question 48

A chemical is _____ if it is able to be dissolved

Answer 48

soluble

Question 49

When water-soluble chemicals become undissolved out of the water, they are said to _____ out of the water

Answer 49

precipitate

Question 50

What can cause water-soluble chemicals to precipite?

Answer 50

An environmental change

Question 51

What is the process by which

Answer 51

Precipiation

Question 52

What is the process by which minerals or rocks crystallize out of some body of water holding water- soluble chemicals.

Answer 52

Precipitation

Question 53

Once these sediments precipitate, they undergo _______ just like clastic sediments

Answer 53

lithification

Question 54

When sediment is squeezed or pressurized into a rock, it is said to be....

Answer 54

lithified, or compacted

Question 55

What are three types of chemical sedimentary rock?

Answer 55

- a banded iron formation - limestone - salt deposits

Question 56

When the Earths oceans were very rich in iron there were iron minerals that precipitated out of the ocean. This formed what we call today a ________

Answer 56

banded iron formation

Question 57

______ is formed form calcium carbonate that precipitates out of water

Answer 57

Limestone

Question 58

_____ deposits are minerals that become precipitated out of water, usually as water evaporates.

Answer 58

Salt

Question 59

What are biogenic rocks made from?

Answer 59

plant and animal remains

Question 60

Biogenic rocks are made from _____ and _____ remains

Answer 60

plant and animal

Question 61

What are the two main types of biogenic rocks?

Answer 61

- bioplastic limestone | - coal

Question 62

Biplastic limestone is made of what?

Answer 62

Shells and other hard parts of marine animals

Question 63

What is the most abundant biogenic sedimentary rock?

Answer 63

Bioplastic limestone

Question 64

Bioplastic limestone is formed from ______ remains of marine animals

Answer 64

lithified

Question 65

Coal is formed from _____ remains that accumulate and get pressurized over time.

Answer 65

plant

Question 66

When sediments are deposited in water they create layered ____ that give us a really good historical account of the nature of that environment.

Answer 66

bed

Question 67

What is bedding?

Answer 67

the sequential settling of sediment that leads to a layered arrangement of sedimentary rock

Question 68

When sediment is deposited and settles leaving a layered arrangement of sedimentary rock, once lithified, this is called...

Answer 68

bedding

Question 69

The boundary between two bedding layers is called...

Answer 69

the bedding surface

Question 70

What are the only type of rocks that exhibit bedding?

Answer 70

sedimentary rocks

Question 71

Bedding is when sediment is _____ over time

Answer 71

deposited

Question 72

What do ripple marks in a sedimentary rock indicate about the environment?

Answer 72

that they were formed in shallow water

Question 73

What do mud crack in a sedimentary rock indicate about the environment?

Answer 73

that the rock was formed in an environment that was intermittently wet or dry.

Question 74

What do sedimentary rocks have that no other rocks have?

Answer 74

fossils