Development of Tectonic Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

What was a major development that contributed to the theory of plate tectonics?

A

the field of paleomagnetism

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2
Q

paleomagnetism is the study of _____ magnetism

A

rock

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3
Q

_________ is the study of rock magnetism

A

paleomagnetism

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4
Q

as magma solidifies and cools ____ bearing minerals actually align to earths ______ field

A

iron, magnetic

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5
Q

paleomagnetism allows us to tell when the Earth’s ______ have switched

A

poles

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6
Q

by mapping _____ on the ocean floor geologists started to get weird results that showed that the Earth’s _____ pole over the past 100 million years seemed to be migrating along the side of the Earth.

A

rocks, magnetic

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7
Q

continents and rocks themselves were moving ____ to the magnetic pole.

A

relative

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8
Q

what explained how the continents were moving?

A

sea floor spreading

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9
Q

what was the conclusion for the supposed movement of the poles?

A

the poles were stationary and the continents moved

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10
Q

There was overwhelming circumstantial evidence for continental drift, but no direct clues until ______ mapped the ages of ______ rocks

A

oceanographers, seafloor

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11
Q

What was the mechanism for plate motion?

A

sea floor spreading

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12
Q

When the ages of seafloor rocks were mapped using _____ ______ records, what did scientists find?

A
  • pole reversal records.

– Mid-sea ridges made of youngest rocks
– Older rocks symmetrically situated on either side

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13
Q

Mid-sea ridges made of the ______ rocks

A

youngest

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14
Q

sea floor spreading happens when…

A

the sea floor splits apart at mid-ocean ridges

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15
Q

where does sea floor spreading happen?

A

at mid-ocean ridges

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16
Q

How does the sea floor spread? What are the four components of the spreading process?

A
  1. Magma swells up and is extruded
  2. Solidifying magma records the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field
  3. Rock spreads out in a continuous spill
  4. Older rock “pushed” away from the ridge and younger rock takes its place
17
Q

The plate tectonic model is a…

A

coherent model that explains continental drift and certain landforms

18
Q

What four contint-scale landforms are associated with contintal drift?

A

– Mid-ocean ridge
– Volcanic island arcs

– Chains of volcanoes

– Mountain ranges

19
Q

In the Plate tectonic model the lithosphere floats on top of the _________

A

asthenosphere

20
Q

the lithosphere is broken into…

A

giant plates that move around

21
Q

What is produced as plate boundaries interact?

A

large-scale geoloigic features