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Earth Science > Igneous Rocks > Flashcards

Igneous Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main categories or families of rocks?

A

Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

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2
Q

Rocks are solid ______ of minerals

A

aggregates

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3
Q

Rocks are usually made up of…

A

several minerals as well as non-mineral content (organic debris, volcanic glass, etc)

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4
Q

What does graininess refer to?

A

the size of its individual mineral grains

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5
Q

______ is the size of a rocks individuals mineral grains

A

Graininess

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6
Q

Rock formations depend on….

A

environmental conditions.

Rocks contain clues to decipher geological history

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7
Q

How are igneous rocks formed?

A

from the solidification of magma

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8
Q

the solidification of _____ forms igneous rocks?

A

magma

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9
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

by deposition of layers of sediment.

Particles of other rocks get lithified or solidified together

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10
Q

A _______ rock has been altered from the original rock

A

metamorphic

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11
Q

Metamorphic rocks are altered from their original rock due to these two factors…

A

high temperatures or high pressures

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12
Q

Could a metamorphic rock original have been an igneous or sedimentary rock?

A

Yes, due to high temp or pressures the rock was metamorphosed

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13
Q

The _____ cycle describes ways that rocks are transformed into different types of rocks, as well as how they melt and are broken down.

A

rock

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14
Q

Igneous rocks are formed from the _____ and _______ of magma

A

cooling, crystallization

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15
Q

What are the two main properties that dictate the type of igneous rock that forms out of the magma?

A

rate of cooling

the composition of the magma

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16
Q

Igneous rocks are categorized by their…

A

grain size and silica content

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17
Q

When magma cools very _____ then large crystals form

A

slowly
when magma cools very slowly the rock crystals that are forming have time to grow very large before they are fully solidified

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18
Q

Where does magma have time to cool slowly?

A

underground

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19
Q

We call rocks that are formed from slow cooling?

A

Coarse-grained
Intrusive
Plutonic

20
Q

What are the three plutonic igneous rocks?

A

Granite, Diorite, Gabbro

Each has large mineral crystals that can be easily seen

21
Q

_______ rocks form when magma is crystalized underground.

A

Plutonic

22
Q

When magma cools down quickly then _____ crystals form

A

small

the mineral crystals don’t have much time to grow before they solidify.

23
Q

We call rocks formed from quick cooling…

A

Fine-grained
Extrusive
Volcanic

24
Q

Volcanic rocks have ______ grains

A

small

25
Q

What are the three volcanic igneous rocks?

A

Rhyolite, Andesite, and Basalt

26
Q

Where do volcanic rocks form?

A

at or near the surface

27
Q

Do Volcanic Rocks form from the crystallization of magma or lava?

A

lava

28
Q

Do Intrusive rocks form from the crystallization of magma or lava?

A

magma

29
Q

What makes Pumice and Obsidian special igneous rocks?

A

They formed from a cooling of magma so rapid that there was no time for mineral grains to form

30
Q

We can group igneous rocks based on these two factors

A

mineral composition and rate of cooling g

31
Q

These type of igneous rocks have a high silica content

A

Felsic rocks

32
Q

What are three properties of Felsic rocks?

A
  • High silica content (typical minerals quartz and feldspar)
  • light colored
  • constitute most of the continental crust
33
Q

What are two felsic rocks?

A

Granite and Rhyolite

34
Q

If two felsic rocks are pulverized, will they have the same mineral composition/make-up?

A

yes

35
Q

_____ and _____ are the two felsic rocks

A

Granite, rhyolite

36
Q

These type of igneous rocks have a low silica content

A

Mafic

37
Q

What are the four properties of mafic rocks?

A
  • low silica content
  • contain more iron rich minerals
  • dark colored
  • constitute most of the oceanic crust
38
Q

Which igneous rock group constitutes most of the continental crust?

A

Felsic

39
Q

This type of igneous rock contains iron rich minerals like olivine and pyroxene/..

A

Mafic

40
Q

What are the two Mafic rocks?

A

Gabbro and basalt

41
Q

Gabbro and basalt are the two _____ rocks?

A

Mafic

42
Q

If I pulverized Gabbro and basalt would you be able to tell them apart?

A

No, because they are made of the same chemical content

43
Q

This type of igneous rock constitutes most of the oceanic crust

A

Mafic rocks

44
Q

What is the silica content of intermediate igneous rocks?

A

intermediate silica content

45
Q

What are the two intermediate igneous rocks?

A

Diorite and Andesite

Earth Science (42 decks)

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