Why Do Infants Wheeze Flashcards
Wheeze
Breathing that makes a high pitched whistling or squeaking sound from the chest
Do wheezes occur more commonly on inspiration or expiration
Expiration
What can be heard when auscultation a Croup patient
inspiratory stridor
What can be heard when auscultation a Bronchiolitis patient
Inspiratory crackles
What creates a wheeze
Air flowing rapidly though an obstructed airway
Characteristics of preschool wheeze
Episodes triggered by viral colds
Few symptoms between attacks
Outcomes of preschool wheeze
Grow out of it - 75%
Develop into asthma - 25%
What increases risk of preschool wheeze
Smoking in pregnancy
Air pollution
How does smoking during pregnancy affect the child’s airway structure
Increased distance between alveolar attachments
What can accumulate in the lungs as a result of air pollution
Particulate matter
Which immune cells can contain carbon as a result of air pollution
Macrophages
Presentations of preschool wheeze
Cough without cold
Nighttime cough
Wheeze
Occurs in attacks triggered by colds, few symptoms between attacks
How can air pollution effect the placenta
Inhaled particles enter circulation and accumulate in placental phagocytic cells
Factors increasing risk of preschool wheeze becoming asthma
Severe wheeze events
Prematurity
Mater al asthma
First reported wheeze in September
Frequent wheeze events
Atopy
Bronchiolitis
Why should children under 6 use a spacer for inhalers
Can’t coordinate breathing and puffing
Triggers of asthma
Exercise
Pollen
Viral colds
Temperature
Laughing
Acid reflux
Perfume
Cellular abnormalities in asthma
Goblet cell hyperplasia
Thick sub basement membrane
Cellular infiltrate
eosinophils and T cells
Bacterial lysates
medicines made from bacterial cells that are broken down and are intended to stimulate the immune system to recognise and fight infections
MV130
Bacterial lysate tongue spray for asthma
Are bacterial lysates currently used for asthmatics
Not yet - future treatment
The farm effect
Decreased wheeze and asthma risk in farm kids
