Perinatal Pathology Flashcards
Miscarriage
Pregnancy loss <24 wks
Stillbirth
Baby born >24 wks with no signs of life
Neonatal death
Baby born live but dies in 1st 28 days
Early and late neonatal death
Early - day 0-7
Late - day 7-28
Infant death
Death in first yr
2 behavioural changes with most significant increases in maternal and baby survival
Antenatal appointments
Delivery in health centre
Causes of neonatal and infant death
Complications of prematurity
Complications of delivery
Congenital malformations, chromosomal abnormalities
Infection
Accidents
Trauma
Non accidental injury
Unexplained death - SIDS
Parts of infant post mortem
Clinical history
Radiology
Check identification
Weight and measurements
External signs of injury and disease
Bacteriology
Virology
Toxicology
Metabolic and genetic studies
Internal examination - sampling, organs, brain
Top 2 causes of infant death globally
1 malaria
2 RSV
How are SUDI and SUDC diagnosed
Diagnosis of exclusion
SIDS
Sudden infant death syndrome - sudden unexpected death of infant under 1 yr, onset of lethal episode during sleep that remains unexplained after investigation
Preventing SIDS risk
Healthy pregnancy
Lay Baby on back to sleep
Avoid 2nd hand smoke
Remove loose blankets and toys
Sleep on firm surface
Cot in same room as parent
Breastfeed
Monitor temperature
Dummy after 6-8 wks
Non specific post mortem findings in SIDS
Thymus Petechiae
Pleura Petechiae
Epicardium Petechiae
Full expansion of lungs
Liquid heart blood
Empty bladder
Prominent lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches
SIDS brain abnormalities
Altered serotonin signalling -> ANS and medulla disturbances
Underdeveloped arcuate nucleus
Thick pseudostratified ependymal layer
SIDS a genetic abnormalities
Voltage gated sodium channels
Voltage gated potassium channels
