Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HD2 > Congenital Heart And Other Defects > Flashcards

Congenital Heart And Other Defects Flashcards

1
Q

Process of primitive heart tube formation

A

Cardiogenic mesoderm -> angiogenic cell clusters -> left and right endocardial tubes -> primitive heart tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is each endocardial tube continuous with

A

Dorsal aorta
Vitelloumbilical vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What types of folding occurs in the primitive heart tubes

A

Cranial folding
Lateral folding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does fusion of the 2 endocardial tubes to form the primitive heart tube finish

A

Day 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the primitive myocardium form from

A

Mesoderm from foregut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When does the heart start to beat

A

Day 22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes the foramen ovale to close at birth

A

Left atrium pressure becomes higher than right atrium pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the heart septum form from

A

Septum primum
Septum secundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the outflow tract of the heart partition

A

Neural crest forms bulbar ridges which grow and spiral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many pairs of aortic arch arteries sprout from the aortic sac

A

5 (1-6 but 5 disappears)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of congenital heart defect is linked to migraines

A

Septal defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Does a septal defect cause left right or right left shunting

A

Left right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can septal defects be closed with

A

Fabric
Pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Outflow tract defects

A

Persistent truncus arteriosus
Transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of fallot
Coarctation of aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Persistent truncus arteriosus

A

Pulmonary artery starts some distance above undivided truncus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes persistent truncus arteriosus

A

Truncoconal swellings fail to fuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transposition of the great vessels cause

A

Truncoconal septum straight instead of spiralled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common cyanotic heart defect

A

Transposition of great vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What causes tetralogy of fallot

A

Unequal separation of conus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 characteristic features of tetralogy of fallot

A

Pulmonary trunk stenosis
ventricular septal defect
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
VORP

21
Q

2 types of coarctation of the aorta

A

Pre ductal - before ductus arteriosus
Post ductal - after ductus arteriosus

22
Q

How can the ductus arteriosus be kept open in preductal coarctation of the aorta pts

A

Alprostadil - prostaglandin E1

23
Q

Which type of coarctation of the aorta causes collateral circulation development

A

Post ductal

24
Q

How can coarctation of the aorta be surgically treated

A

End to end flap anastomosis
Subclavian flap
Balloon angioplasty

25
Q

Fetal circulation connections

A

Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus

26
Q

Is resistance higher in the fetal pulmonary circulation or systemic circulation

A

Pulmonary

27
Q

How long does the ductus arteriosus remain open after birth

A

24-48hrs
Fully within 1 wk

28
Q

How long does the foramen ovale stay open after birth

A

Closes almost immediately

29
Q

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

A

Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance resulting in right to left shunting of blood and hypoxemia

30
Q

Causes of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

A

Parenchymal lung disease
Lung hypoplasia
Idiopathic

31
Q

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn treatment

A

Manage underlying cause
Mechanical ventilation
Inhaled NO
Prostaglandin - PGE1/PGI2
Sildenafil
Milrinone

32
Q

Patient colour in cyanotic and Acyanotic defects

A

Cyanotic - blue
Acyanotic - pink

33
Q

neural tube defects

A

Failure of normal closure of neural tube

34
Q

Examples of neural tube defects

A

Spina bifilar occulta
Meningocoele
Myelomeningocoele - spina bifida
Encephalocoele
Anencephaly

35
Q

Effects of Myelomeningocoele

A

Loss of bladder control - Incontinence/urinary retention
Fecal incontinence
Paralysis
Loss of sensation in legs

36
Q

Meningocoele

A

Sac of CSF comes through opening in back

37
Q

MyeloMeningocoele

A

Sac of CSF containing spinal cord and nerves comes through opening in back

38
Q

Myelomeningocoele treatment

A

Closure - decr infection
Closure in utero - improve outcome

39
Q

Hydrocephalus treatment

A

VP shunt

40
Q

Gastrischisis

A

Full thickness defect in abdominal wall lateral to umbilicus allowing bowel to extend outside body

41
Q

Gastroschisis treatment

A

Reduction and surgical closure

42
Q

Which side of the umbilical cord does gastroschisis occur

A

Right

43
Q

How is the bowel stopped from drying out in gastroschisis

A

Put in plastic bag

44
Q

Exomphalos

A

Failure of umbilicus to close completely combined with failure of mid gut to herniate back into abdo cavity fully
Intestines inside membrane

45
Q

Difference between exompahlos and gastroschisis

A

Exomphalos - bowel covered by membranes of umbilical cord

46
Q

Why must babies with Exomphalos be delivered by c section

A

Membranes around bowel may burst during vaginal delivery

47
Q

Cleft lip cause

A

Failure of maxilla to fuse with medial nasal prominence

48
Q

Cleft lip

A

Cleft between filtrum and rest of upper lip between central and lateral incisors

49
Q

Cleft palate cause

A

Failure of palatial shelves to fuse

HD2 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions