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HD2 > Immunisations For Childhood Infections > Flashcards

Immunisations For Childhood Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Factors causing differences in adult and child infections

A

Immunological immaturity
Lack of memory cells
Thinner skin
Shorter airways
Shorter and shallower Eustachian tube
Increased exposure - nursery
Less hygiene

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2
Q

What temperature is a fever

A

37.8+

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3
Q

Common childhood bacterial infections

A

Tonsillitis
Otitis media
UTI
gastroenteritis
Impetigo

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4
Q

Are bacterial or viral infections usually more severe in children

A

Viral

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5
Q

Why are viral infections often more severe than bacterial in children

A

Extracellular pathogen immunity more developed than antiviral immunity

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6
Q

How is chronicity and shedding different in adults and children infected by viruses

A

Chronicity more likely and shedding prolonged in children

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7
Q

Do vaccines give active or passive immunity

A

Active

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8
Q

Types of active immunity

A

Antibody mediated - B cells
Cell mediated - T cells, CD8, CD4

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9
Q

Antibody types

A

IgM - precursor
IgG - most abundant in serum
IgA - gut, respiratory system, breatmilk, tears
IgD
IgE - allergy, histamine release

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10
Q

How is long term immunity mediated

A

Maintenance of antigen specific immune effectors
Immune memory cells

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11
Q

Types of vaccines

A

Live attenuated
Inactivated
Conjugate
Subunit
Toxoid
Adjuvant
Viral vector

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12
Q

Live attenuated vaccine

A

Weakened version of pathogen that can’t cause disease

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13
Q

Inactivated vaccines

A

Pathogen infectivity eliminated, immunogenicity remains

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14
Q

Conjugate vaccine

A

Subunit vaccine for pathogens with antigens coated with polycasscharide units

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15
Q

Subunit vaccines

A

Use parts of pathogen

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16
Q

Toxoid vaccine

A

Uses toxins made by pathogen

17
Q

Adjuvant

A

Increases immunogenicity of vaccines containing inactivated antigens to increase vaccine response

18
Q

Herd immunity

A

Sufficient percentage of a population immune to an infection reducing likelihood of infection for those without immunity

19
Q

What effects herd immunity threshold

A

Basic reproduction number of the disease

20
Q

Infections vaccinated against in UK

A

Diphtheria
tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Haemophilia influenza B and C
Meningiococcal groups A B C W and Y
Pneumococcal
Rotavirus
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Human papillomavirus
Covid

21
Q

How long after measles exposure can MMR be given to protect unvaccinated children

A

72hrs

HD2 (23 decks)

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