Whos who and supplementaal vocab Flashcards
Jean Piaget
development psychologist, development of intelligence in children
Sigmund Freud
father of psychoanalysis; emphasized unconscious drives
Albert Bandura
social learning theory, Bobo doll experiment, observational learninig
Carl Rogers
father of client centered therapy; famous humanist
Stanley Schachter
2 factor theory of emotional experience
Edward Thornndike
behaviorrist- formulated the Law of Effect
Abraham Maslow
humanist scientist- hierarchy of needs
Gordon Allport
one of the first psychologists to study personality (trait approach)
Erik erikson
neoreudian. 8 stage model of psychosocial development
William James
Wrote first Principles of Psychology text; founder of Pragmatsm
Raymond Cattell
developed theory of fluid and crystallized intellifences; 16pf test
Raymond Watson
founded behaviorist school of psychology, worked with Baby Albert
Kurt Lewin
founder of modern social psychology
Carl Jung
neofreudian; developed theory of collective unconscious, MBTI test
Ian Pavlov
discovered classical conditioning
Harry Harlow
importance of maternal contact for infants
Lawrence Kohlberg
studied development of moral reasoning in children and adolescents
Martin Seligman
studied depression, helplessness, optimism vs. pessimism
Noam Chomsky
linguistic and psychology: innate “language acquisition device”
Solomon Asch
Pioneer of social psychology, conformity experiments
Stanley Milgram
social psychology: obedience/shock experiments
David Wechsler
developed best known intelligence scales :WAIS and WISC
Joseph wolpe
Behaviorist: known for systematic desensitization
Konrad Lorenz
studied group behavior patterns: best known for imprinting
Alfred Adler
neofreudian, founder of individual psychology, emph. social forces
Gary Cannon
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
Wilhelm Wundt
father of experimental psychology; established first experimental lab
Hermann Rorschach
psychoanalyst who developed inkblot test to probe unconscious
Philip Zimbardo
social psychologist, Stanford Prison experiment
Paul Ekman
studied facial expressions; 6 universal emotions across cultures
Edward Tichener
structuralism; a student in Wundt’s lab
John Garcia
demonstrated conditioned taste aversion; immediate conditioning
Edward Tolman
discovered latent learning
Benjamin Whorf
language influences thought; linguistic relativity
Hans Selye
defined “fight or flight” stress response, General adaptive syndrome
LEv Vygotsky
opposed Piaget; cognitive development occurs by inner speech
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross
described the stages of death/dying and the grief response
Mary Ainsworth
attachment patterns: secure, insecure, avoidant, disorganized
Diana Baumrind
3 parenting styles: authortarian, authroitative, permissive
anecdotal evidence
persona stories re: specific incidents, experiences
extraneous variables
variables other than the IV that are likely to influence the Dv
response set
tendency to respond to a question in a way unrelated to the content of the questions
social desirability bias
tendency to give socially desirable answers to questions about oneself
statistical significance
when the probability of the observed findings being due only to chance is very low
type I error
concluding a relationship exists when really there is none
type 2 error
concluding there is NO relationship when in fact there is
Null hypothesis
the treatment will have NO eFFECT in an experiment
alternative hypothesis
the treatment DID have an effect in the experiment
channel
the medium through which a message is sent
ethnocentrism
the tendency to view one’s own group as superior to others
lowball technique
getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before revealing the hidden costs
Hawthorne effect
behaving different because you know you are being observed
rosenthal effect
when students perform UP to their expectation
inclusive fitness
sum of an individuals own reproductive success plus the effect it is has on the reproductive success of relatives
parental investment
what each sex invests- time ernegy, survival risks- to produce and nurture offspring
perceptual asymmetries
left/right imbalances between hemispheres in the speed of visual/auditory processing
polyandry
each female seeks to mate with multiple males, while males mate with only one female
lateral hypothalamus
the “on” switch for hunger/weight; lesion decreases hunger
ventromedial hypothalamus
“off” switch; VM lesion would cause obesity
apraxia
damage to association area responsible for organizing movements
agnosia
damage to association area responsible for processing sensory input
alexia
damage to association area responsible for reading
agraphia
damage to association area responsible for writing
animism
the belief that all things are living
centration
tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects
dishabituation
when a new stimulus increases the strength of a habituated response
meta-analysis
combining the stATISTICAL RESULTS OF MANY STUDIES; yields an estimate of a variables size/constancy
cephalocaudal trend
the head to foot direction of motor development
proximodistal trend
the center to outward direction of motor development
additive color mixing
forming colors by superimposing lights
basilar membrane
structure along the inside of the cochlea that holds the hair cells (auditory receptors)
comparitors
people, objects, events, standards used as a baseline when comparing/making judgements
door in the face
making a large request, likely to be turned down, to increase the chances to get a smaller request later on
feature analysis
process of detecting specific elements in visual input and assembling them into a more complex form
feature detectors
neurons that respond selectively to very specific features of a complex stimuli
fechners law
larger and larger increases in stimulus intensity are required to produce perceptible increments in the degree of sensation
fovea
tiny spot in the center of the retina with only cones
lateral antagonism
when neural activity in a cell opposes activity in the surrounding cells
motion parallax
depth cue involving objects at different distances moving across the retina at different rates
optic chiasm
the point at which the optic nerves cross over and project to the opposite half of the brain
receptive field of a visual cell
the retinal area that, when stimulated, affects the firing of that cell
visual agnosia
an inability to recognize objects
volley principle
theory groups of auditory nerve fibers fire neural impulses in rapid succession
stereopsis
using both eyes to see things in 3D
law of pragnanz
we see objects in their simplest forms
BF skinner
behaviorist, started science of operant conditioning
