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Junior Year > AP PSYCHOLOGY MID TERM > Flashcards

AP PSYCHOLOGY MID TERM Flashcards

0
Q

PET Scan

A

tracers are injected into the blood

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1
Q

CAT Scan

A

creates a computerized image of x-rays passed through various angles of the brain

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2
Q

MRI

A

sends pulses of radio waves through brain tisue, allowing computer to construct images

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3
Q

f-MRI

A

detects an increase in oxygen that occurs in an area of heightened neural activity

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4
Q

EEG

A

provides info about brains electrical activity (brain waves)

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5
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

carry impulses toward the CNS

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6
Q

Efferent Neurons

A

carry impulses away from the CNS

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

receive messages from other cells

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8
Q

axon

A

the extension of a neuron

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9
Q

terminal branches

A

messages pass to other neurons

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10
Q

myelin sheath

A

covers axon, speed neural impulses

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11
Q

action potential

A

the signal that travels down the neuron

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12
Q

resting potential

A

neuron that is not firing (at rest)

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13
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

what activates different impulses

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14
Q

all or none law

A

neurons either fire or they dont

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15
Q

refractory period

A

period of time after a nerve impulse where it cant refire

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16
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

links the CNS with the body’s sense receptors, muscles, and glands

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17
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

PNS controls glands and muscles of the internal organs

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19
Q

somatic nervous system

A

the division of Peripheral nervous system that controls body’s skeletal muscles

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20
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

division of autonomic nervous system that arouses the body

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21
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body

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22
Q

amygdala

A

emotion

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23
Q

hypothalamus

A

maintenance functions and reward

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24
Q

thalamus

A

relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex

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25
Q

Broca’s area

A

speech

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26
Q

wernicke’s area

A

speech comprehension

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27
Q

hippocampus

A

memory

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28
Q

aphasia

A

impairment of language

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29
Q

plasticity

A

brain’s ability to adapt or something isn’t working

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30
Q

thyroid gland

A

in charge of growth and metabolism

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31
Q

gonads

A

reproductive organs that secrete hormones

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32
Q

Situational attributions vs. dispositional attributions

A

how someone acts in a certain situation vs their personality related to temperament

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33
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

witness someone act a certain way and thinking thats actually how they are

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34
Q

group polarization

A

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing attitudes through discussion within group

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35
Q

group think

A

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

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36
Q

social facilitation

A

the mere presence of others can improve performance on well practiced tasks

37
Q

deindividuation

A

impact of others on restraints to behavior, loss of individuality

38
Q

social loafing

A

on group tasks, people exert less effort

39
Q

bystander effect

A

the more people there are, the less likely that a bystander will intervene

40
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

adjusts beliefs to match actions

41
Q

just world phenomenon

A

good people get rewarded, bad people get punished

42
Q

Social exchange theory

A

trying to help yourself, maximize benefits, minimize costs

43
Q

sensation

A

to represent the world in head, we must detect physical energy from environment and encode it

44
Q

perception

A

select, organize, and interpret sensations

45
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

46
Q

difference threshold

A

the minimum difference between 2 stimulus required for detection 50% of the time

47
Q

Weber’s Law

A

to perceive a difference there must be a certain amount in proportion

48
Q

signal detection theory

A

changes threshold depends on physical state and expectations

49
Q

sensory adaptations

A

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

50
Q

subliminal stimiulation

A

below our threshold of awareness

51
Q

young-helmholz trichromatic color theory

A

everything is three colors

52
Q

opponent process theory

A

we see opposite colors

53
Q

gate control theory

A

letting in pain or not

54
Q

opioid peptides

A

relaxants made by the body

55
Q

kinesthetic system

A

communicates info about movement and location of body parts

56
Q

vestibular system

A

balance and knowledge of body position

57
Q

figure ground

A

we organize our visual field into objects that stand apart from surroundings

58
Q

gestalt organization

A

organize a cluster of sensations to determine form as a whole

59
Q

closure

A

fill in missing info

60
Q

visual cliff

A

lab device used to perceive depth

61
Q

selective attention

A

attention is only focused on one thing

62
Q

parallel processing

A

brain can do several things simultaneously

63
Q

bottom up processing

A

analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to brains integration of sensory info

64
Q

top-down processing

A

information processing guided by higher-level mental processes

65
Q

perceptual set

A

mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

66
Q

telepathy

A

mind-to-mind communication

67
Q

clairvoyance

A

can perceive remote events

68
Q

precognition

A

can perceive future events

69
Q

rooting reflex

A

touch babies cheek and baby searches for nipple, shows instinct

70
Q

teratogens

A

substances that cause birth defects

71
Q

What are PIAGET’S stages?

A

sensory-motor
pre-operational
concrete-operation
formal-operations

72
Q

assimilation

A

incorporating new experiences

73
Q

accomodation

A

adjusting old framework to incorporate new experiences

74
Q

object permanence

A

things continue to exist when they arent there

75
Q

egocentrism

A

only can see things from their point of view

76
Q

conservation

A

something remains same even when it looks different

77
Q

authoritarian

A

parent is boss, impose rules, expect obedience

78
Q

permissive

A

children have final say, make few demands, give into child

79
Q

authoritative

A

demanding and responsive

80
Q

What are Erikson’s stages?

A 
trust vs. misturst
autonomy vs. shame/doubt
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
identity vs. role-confusion
intimacy vs. isolation
generativity vs. stagnation
ego integrity vs. despair
81
Q

What are Kohlberg’s Stages?

A

Preconventional: disobedience-punishment.
avoid puishment
further own interests
Conventional: approval seeking- rules are a duty
expectations of others
doing ones duty
Postconventional: laws are relative, laws can be changed, universal principles
universal and ethical principles

82
Q

generalization

A

occurs when a Conditioned Response occurs to stimuli that are similar to Conditioned Stimulus

83
Q

discrimination

A

occurs when stimuli similar to the Conditioned Stimulus does not produce a Conditioned Response

84
Q

latent learning

A

learning that takes place before reinforcement is given

85
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

desire to perform behavior for its own sake

86
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

desire to perform a behavior of promised rewards or punishment

87
Q

Pavlov

A

classical conditioning

88
Q

Watson

A

behaviorism

psychology should be objective that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

89
Q

Skinner

A

operant conditioning

90
Q

Bandura

A

observational learning

Junior Year (37 decks)

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