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Junior Year > AP PSYCHOLOGY MID TERM > Flashcards

AP PSYCHOLOGY MID TERM Flashcards

0
Q

PET Scan

A

tracers are injected into the blood

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1
Q

CAT Scan

A

creates a computerized image of x-rays passed through various angles of the brain

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2
Q

MRI

A

sends pulses of radio waves through brain tisue, allowing computer to construct images

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3
Q

f-MRI

A

detects an increase in oxygen that occurs in an area of heightened neural activity

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4
Q

EEG

A

provides info about brains electrical activity (brain waves)

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5
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

carry impulses toward the CNS

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6
Q

Efferent Neurons

A

carry impulses away from the CNS

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

receive messages from other cells

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8
Q

axon

A

the extension of a neuron

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9
Q

terminal branches

A

messages pass to other neurons

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10
Q

myelin sheath

A

covers axon, speed neural impulses

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11
Q

action potential

A

the signal that travels down the neuron

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12
Q

resting potential

A

neuron that is not firing (at rest)

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13
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

what activates different impulses

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14
Q

all or none law

A

neurons either fire or they dont

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15
Q

refractory period

A

period of time after a nerve impulse where it cant refire

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16
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

links the CNS with the body’s sense receptors, muscles, and glands

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17
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

PNS controls glands and muscles of the internal organs

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19
Q

somatic nervous system

A

the division of Peripheral nervous system that controls body’s skeletal muscles

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20
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

division of autonomic nervous system that arouses the body

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21
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body

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22
Q

amygdala

A

emotion

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23
Q

hypothalamus

A

maintenance functions and reward

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24
thalamus
relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex
25
Broca's area
speech
26
wernicke's area
speech comprehension
27
hippocampus
memory
28
aphasia
impairment of language
29
plasticity
brain's ability to adapt or something isn't working
30
thyroid gland
in charge of growth and metabolism
31
gonads
reproductive organs that secrete hormones
32
Situational attributions vs. dispositional attributions
how someone acts in a certain situation vs their personality related to temperament
33
fundamental attribution error
witness someone act a certain way and thinking thats actually how they are
34
group polarization
the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion within group
35
group think
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
36
social facilitation
the mere presence of others can improve performance on well practiced tasks
37
deindividuation
impact of others on restraints to behavior, loss of individuality
38
social loafing
on group tasks, people exert less effort
39
bystander effect
the more people there are, the less likely that a bystander will intervene
40
cognitive dissonance
adjusts beliefs to match actions
41
just world phenomenon
good people get rewarded, bad people get punished
42
Social exchange theory
trying to help yourself, maximize benefits, minimize costs
43
sensation
to represent the world in head, we must detect physical energy from environment and encode it
44
perception
select, organize, and interpret sensations
45
absolute threshold
minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
46
difference threshold
the minimum difference between 2 stimulus required for detection 50% of the time
47
Weber's Law
to perceive a difference there must be a certain amount in proportion
48
signal detection theory
changes threshold depends on physical state and expectations
49
sensory adaptations
diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
50
subliminal stimiulation
below our threshold of awareness
51
young-helmholz trichromatic color theory
everything is three colors
52
opponent process theory
we see opposite colors
53
gate control theory
letting in pain or not
54
opioid peptides
relaxants made by the body
55
kinesthetic system
communicates info about movement and location of body parts
56
vestibular system
balance and knowledge of body position
57
figure ground
we organize our visual field into objects that stand apart from surroundings
58
gestalt organization
organize a cluster of sensations to determine form as a whole
59
closure
fill in missing info
60
visual cliff
lab device used to perceive depth
61
selective attention
attention is only focused on one thing
62
parallel processing
brain can do several things simultaneously
63
bottom up processing
analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to brains integration of sensory info
64
top-down processing
information processing guided by higher-level mental processes
65
perceptual set
mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
66
telepathy
mind-to-mind communication
67
clairvoyance
can perceive remote events
68
precognition
can perceive future events
69
rooting reflex
touch babies cheek and baby searches for nipple, shows instinct
70
teratogens
substances that cause birth defects
71
What are PIAGET'S stages?
sensory-motor pre-operational concrete-operation formal-operations
72
assimilation
incorporating new experiences
73
accomodation
adjusting old framework to incorporate new experiences
74
object permanence
things continue to exist when they arent there
75
egocentrism
only can see things from their point of view
76
conservation
something remains same even when it looks different
77
authoritarian
parent is boss, impose rules, expect obedience
78
permissive
children have final say, make few demands, give into child
79
authoritative
demanding and responsive
80
What are Erikson's stages?
``` trust vs. misturst autonomy vs. shame/doubt initiative vs. guilt industry vs. inferiority identity vs. role-confusion intimacy vs. isolation generativity vs. stagnation ego integrity vs. despair ```
81
What are Kohlberg's Stages?
Preconventional: disobedience-punishment. avoid puishment further own interests Conventional: approval seeking- rules are a duty expectations of others doing ones duty Postconventional: laws are relative, laws can be changed, universal principles universal and ethical principles
82
generalization
occurs when a Conditioned Response occurs to stimuli that are similar to Conditioned Stimulus
83
discrimination
occurs when stimuli similar to the Conditioned Stimulus does not produce a Conditioned Response
84
latent learning
learning that takes place before reinforcement is given
85
intrinsic motivation
desire to perform behavior for its own sake
86
extrinsic motivation
desire to perform a behavior of promised rewards or punishment
87
Pavlov
classical conditioning
88
Watson
behaviorism | psychology should be objective that studies behavior without reference to mental processes
89
Skinner
operant conditioning
90
Bandura
observational learning

Junior Year (37 decks)

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