Psychology

Question 0

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Answer 0

instinct

Question 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Answer 1

motivation

Question 2

the idea that is a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Answer 2

drive-reduction theory

Question 3

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

Answer 3

homeostasis

Question 4

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Answer 4

incentive

Question 5

maslow’s pyramid of human needs

Answer 5

hierarchy of needs

physiological needs, safety/security, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization, transcendence

Question 6

to be fully engaged (decreased awareness of self and of time) in-between being bored and overwhelmed

Answer 6

flow

Question 7

desire for significant accomplishment mastery

Answer 7

achievement motivation

Question 8

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues

Answer 8

glucose

Question 9

the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set

Answer 9

set point

Question 10

the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

Answer 10

basal metabolic rate

Question 11

an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight

Answer 11

anorexia nervosa

Question 12

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, followed by vomiting

Answer 12

bulimia nervosa

Question 13

the four stages of sexual responding described by masters and johnson

Answer 13

sexual response cycle

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 14

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Answer 14

refractory period

Question 15

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Answer 15

sexual disorder

Question 16

hypoactive sexual desire

Answer 16

fantasies and desires are absent

Question 17

sexual aversion disorder

Answer 17

extreme aversion and avoidance

Question 18

dyspareunia

Answer 18

pain associated with intercourse

Question 19

vaginismus

Answer 19

outer muscles interfere with sex

Question 20

paraphilias

Answer 20

perversions of sexual desire

Question 21

gender identity disorders

Answer 21

persistent cross-gender identification

Question 22

a sex hormone, secreted by females

Answer 22

estrogen

Question 23

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex or the other sex

Answer 23

sexual orientation

Question 24

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Answer 24

industrial-organization psychology

Question 25

a subfield of i/o psychology that focuses on employee recruitment selection placement training appraisal and development

Answer 25

personnel psychology

Question 26

a subfield of i/o psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change

Answer 26

organizational psychology

Question 27

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales

Answer 27

structured interviews

Question 28

goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

Answer 28

task leadership

Question 29

group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict and offers support

Answer 29

social leadership

Question 30

assumes that works are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above

Answer 30

theory x

Question 31

assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity

Answer 31

theory y

Question 32

a response of the whole organism involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience

Answer 32

emotion

Question 33

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion arousing stimuli

Answer 33

James-Lange theory

Question 34

the theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

Answer 34

cannon-bard theory

Question 35

schachter’s theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

Answer 35

two- factor theory

Question 36

a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion

Answer 36

polygraph

Question 37

emotional release

Answer 37

catharsis

Question 38

people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Answer 38

feel good do good phenomenon

Question 39

self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life

Answer 39

subjective well-being

Question 40

our tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral defined by our prior experience

Answer 40

adaptation level phenomenon

Question 41

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

Answer 41

relative deprivation