APUSH MIDTERM Flashcards
What was the Columbian Exchange?
the biological encounter of the Eastern and Western Hemispheres- affected the everyday lives of peoples throughout the Atlantic world
What were some common themes in Native American culture prior to European colonization?
spiritual relationship with the earth and nature land is not owned, it is shared.. tribal unites, strong family ties, idea of reciprocity to create harmony, women had more power, life in harmony with land
What European nations had more violent interactions with the Native Americans?
Spanish and English
When was Jamestown founded?
1607
What was the motivation for settling New England?
settled by puritans seeking religious freedom
Who were the Puritans and what was their purpose for setting in the new world?
religious freedom
Which cash crop saved Jamestown?
tobacco
Who instituted the “no work-no eat” policy in Jamestown?
John Smith
What is significant about the Virginia House of Burgesses?
the first representative government in the New World. Claimed authority to raise taxes and make laws
What is the difference between indentured servants and slaves?
indentured servants were working for a place to stay and slaves were getting nothing in return
What are the characteristics of the New England, Middle, ad Southern colonies?
New England-shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, and subsistence farming
Middle- “bread’ Colonies, commercial centers (New York and philly)
Southern- cash crops grown on large plantations
What was the impact of the first great awakening?
people were brought to church for the first time. a challenge developed against the established church. new denominations developed like methodist and baptist stressed the importance of the individual
What is mercantilism?
a countries goal to be self-sufficient.
Why is the French and Indian War considered a cause of the American revolution?
france was building a large fort to stop english expansion out west and england was upset by this because they saw it as a threat
Who wrote common sense?
Thomas Paine
Why were the colonists upset over the stamp act?
it was an act the required them to pay taxes on printed materials
What really happened in the Boston Massacre?
a mob of colonists in Boston began to harass British troops, it got out of hand and five colonists died
Why was George Washington an effective leader?
formed the first cabinet
his goals were to turn the paper plan of the government into a working system
create respect for his office and stay aloof from political quarrels
Who wrote the Declaration of independence ?
Thomas Jefferson. Got ideas from John Locke and Thomas Paine
What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
turning point of the war
The treat of Paris, 1783, established the new borders of the United States at which natural barriers?
US stretched from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River and from canada to florida
What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Conederation?
didnt create a strong central government government could not tax states no military no president they didnt want to government to become too powerful didnt want to become like england
What is the significance of Shay’s Rebellion?
American farmers were in trouble and couldnt pay mortgages and lost farms and they rebelled
What is the difference between federalists and antifederalists?
federalists are supporters of balance of power between states and the federal governmet
advocated the importance of a strong federal governmet
antifederalists were opposed to a strong centra government for fear of it destroying individual rights
What did the Connecticut Compromise establish?
2 house legistature. senate has an equal number and the House of Representatives were based on population
WhAt was the purpose of the bill of rights?
Basic human rights should not be violated by governments
Wh was James Madison considered the “father of the constitution”
he wrote the constitution
What did the VA statute of religious freedom state?
virginia had religious freedom
What is federalism?
supported a strong national government and commercial economy
WHat was the significance of the election of 1800?
the election saw federalists lose power in both the legislative and executive branch
Who imposed the Alien and Sedition Acts?
congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts which increased the residence requirement for citizenship, empowered the president to expel any alien thought to be “dangerous”
Define Nullification
decide a law is void
What did the court case Marbury vs. Madison establish?
Judicial Review
What was the impact of the Embargo Act?
it is New England not being able to trade with England. the Embargo act hurt the New England territories because they made their livings through trade
What was the impact of the war of 1812
madison sent a war message to Congress that emphasized the need to protect Americans at sea and in the west. Britain changed its policy towards stopping neutral ships but we already sent and approved the declaration of war by a wide margarin and the US declared war on Britian
What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
the American continent can not be colonized
What was the impact of the Cotton Gin?
increased slavery
How did the change in voting qualifications by 1824 impact the election of Andrew Jackson
the common man can vote and Andrew jackson was a common man so it caused people to vote for him.
no one won the majority in the electoral college
WHat caused the Panic of 1837?
banking system collaped. people lost savings, busineses, and jobs. Martin Van Buren got blamed for it even though it was Jackson’s fault
Why was Jackson considered a tyrant?
he shut down the banks and forced the Indians out (trail of tears)
What were some changes in transportation in the early 1800s
trains
What was the American SYstem and who created it?
Henry Clay’s system of protective tariffs and federal supported internal improvements. non supports favored Jackson
Why is Henry Clay considered the Great Compromiser?
he proposed a tariff bill that lowered the cost over ten years
Define Market revolution
people started to buy goods at the market and werent making them themselves
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
called for Women’s rights
Who were the major leaders of the womens rights movement
Susan B Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Lucretia Mott
What region did many reformers tend to come from?
the north
Who was William Lloyd Garrison?
wrote the Liberator which called for immediate emancipation
Define Manifest Destiny
means the belief that the United State’s destiny was to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory
Who was the Manifest Destiny President?
James K. Polk because he gained so much land
Define the Missouri Compromise
missouri was a slave state and maine was a free state
What lands were gained as part of the Mexican Cession?
california, nevada, New Mexico, utah, arizona, colorado, and wyoming
Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe. Showed harshness of slavery. South did not respond well
Who is closely related with idea of popular soverignity?
Stephen Douglass
Define Popular Soverignty
state decides whether or not they want to have slavery
What was the Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay proposed it. California admitted as a free state and all territories gained in the Mexican cession may use popular soverignty.. the fugitive slave act of 1850 was harsher punishments for runaway slaves
What was the Kansas-Nebraska act?
the Nebraska territory was split into 2 states. settlers used popular Sovereignty to decide slave issue. repealed Missouri compromise
What was said about slavery in the Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott had no right to sue because farmers didn’t want Africans to be us citizens. congress didn’t have the power to deprive a person their property without due process. if a slave is property that cannot be free when moving to free soil
How did the Lincoln-Douglass debates impact both men politically?
Douglass won seat but lost Democratic Party support, especially in the South. Lincoln became a national figure
What was the purpose of the Anaconda Plan?
blockade the south
Where did the Emancipation Proclamation free the slaves?
slavery in every confederate state was abolished but freed only those slaves in rebellion states
Why was the battle of Gettysburg considered a turning point?
it was when the North started winning
What was the compromise that brought Rutherford B. Hayes into office?
Compromise of 1877
Why did the South ultimately lose the war?
they didnt have enough resources and didnt get foreign aid
What was Reconstruction like in the south under the Radical Republicans?
Radical Republicans wanted immediate emancipation and rights for freed blacks
What are the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments?
13th Amendment ratified in Congress ending slavery
14th Amendment declared all persons born in the us were citizens
15th amendment gives african americans the right to vote
