White Blood Cell Disorders 3 Flashcards
what is the clinical presentation of ALL?
- onset is abrupt and sever so there will be a short history of symptoms
- symptoms related to BM replacement: bone pain, cytopenias, enlargement of LN, liver and spleen, thymic enlargement (T-ALL), testicular enlargement (B-ALL)
CNS involvement (B-ALL) such as headaches, blurred vision and vomiting
lacunar reed Sternberg cells are seen in ______
classical HL: nodular sclerosing subtype
Reed Sternberg cells are altered germinal center B lymphocytes are the minority/majority in Hodgkin’s lymphoma
minority;
non neoplastic inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils) are the majority
which translocation is associated with an adverse prognosis for ALL?
t(9.22)
high WBC count in PB
what are some clinical presentation of Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- painless rubbery enlarged lymph node
- pain in node after drinking
- itching
what translocation is associated with a good prognosis in ALL
t(12,21)
has low WBC in PB, Pre B cell immunophenotype
hyperdiploidy
palindrome = good
CNS involvement with headaches, blurred vision and vomiting is indicative of what class of ALL?
B-ALL
which subclass of Hodgkin’s lymphoma is CD45+
Variant
clinical features of multiple myeloma
- pathologic bone fractures
- bacterial infections secondary to hypogammaglobulinemia
- renal insufficiency secondary to hypercalcemia, Bence Jones proteins, amyloid
- organomegaly: spleen, liver, LN, lung
what age group do you see nodular sclerosis Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
adolescents or young adults (12-30)
what are the subclassifications of Hodgkin’s lymphoma which are based on the immunophenotype of the Reed Sternberg cell
- classical: CD15+ CD30+ CD45-
2. Variant: CD20+, CD45+ CD15- CD30-
how can you distinguish ALL from AML?
treatment regiments and responses are different for both
- morphology: granules and auer rods seen in AML
- stains: MPO and Sudan black in AML; PAS in some ALL
- cryogenics: 90% of ALL are abnormal with hyperdiploidy or translocations
what are the subtypes in the classical group of Hodgkins lymphoma
- Nodular sclerosis (most common)
- mixed cellularity
- lymphocyte rich
- lymphocyte depleted (worst)
granules and Auer rods is seen in ______
AML
lytic lesions on x ray is indicative of what plasma cell neoplasm
Multiple myeloma
most of all ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma) are precursor _____ cell types
B cell types
ALL type that is a precursor T cell neoplasm presents as ______
mediastinal (thymic) mass in adolescent male
presents as a lymphoma while the B cell precursor type presents as a leukemia
what stage is nodular sclerosis HL usually found in?
Stage I/II
which bone structures are most commonly affected in multiple myeloma?
- axial skeleton: vertebrae > ribs > skull)
pain in nodes after drinking is seen in Hodgkin’s/ non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
