Blood and Lymphatic Infections Flashcards
B. quintana causes ______ and is transmitted by _____
Trench fever; body louse (lice) so expect in homeless people with poor hygiene
transmission of yersinia pestis occurs due to ____
bite of an infected flea or contact with infected animals (bubonic or septicemic plague)
what is the function of yersiniabactin LPS
- iron uptake for the bacteria to grow
what are some virulence factors associated with Y. pestis?
- Pla protease:
- murine toxin
- V antigen: anti-phagocytic factor
- F1 envelope antigen: stimulates intense immune response
- yersiniabactin LPS: iron uptakes e
the causal agent of Carrion’s disease is _______ and is transmitted via _____
B. bacilliformis; sand fly
secondary pneumonic plague is acquired via _______
hematogenous spread of Y. pestis form buboes
a homeless patient presents with symptoms of fever, headache with retro orbital pain, restlessness and severe back and shin pain. He says it occurs ever 5-6 days. explain the periodicity of his symptoms
this is caused by B. Quintana which is spread via lice.
the recurring symptoms corresponds with the release of B. quintana in the blood
describe some symptoms in someone with Ebola
- fever, headache, joint and muscle aches, sore throat, weakness followed by diarrhea, vomiting and stomach pain
- exanthems (hemorrhagic rash over the entire body)
what are the types of plague?
- bubonic
- primary pneumonic
- septicemic
B. bacilliformis can be found in what structures in the body?
RBC’s or endothelial cells
natural reservoirs for Yersinia pestis is _______
rodents; humans are accidental hosts
this is a zoonotic disease
describe the clinical manifestation of the septicemic plague
- “purpuric lesions” in the skin that turns deep shade of purple due to DIC
- altered mental status
- gangrene of extremities gives it the name “Black Death”
- multiorgan failure
in additional to the regional lymphadenopathy, what other symptoms would you expect to see in cat scratch disease?
- fever, malaise, headache, joint pain, back pain, arthritis
what are some common manifestations of B. quintana infection in densely populated, poverty stricken people?
culture negative endocarditis and septicemia
Carrion’s disease is transmitted via ______
sand fly
what is the geographical distribution of outlets of the plague caused by ____
yersinia;
New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, California
bacillary angiomatosis is associated with ________
B. henselae and B. quintana in immunocompromised people such as those with advanced HIV
filoviruses such as _____ replicate in the _____ of the cell
Ebola virus; cytoplasm
B. henselae infection in an immunocompromised person results in _____
baciillary angiomatosis
Bartonella is transmitted by vectors such as:
ticks, fleas, sand flies and mosquitoes
describe the biology of Bartonella
- gram negative, facultative intracellular in RBC’s and endothelial cells
- B. henselae: non motile
- B. bacilliformis: motile
“safety pin” appearance on media is descriptive of _____
Yersinia; due to polyphosphate granules found on the ends
what is the function of the Pla protease in ________
- has both coagulase activity and plasmin activity
- blocks the midgut so the flea is unable to feed so the flea will be more aggressive for a blood meal
what are the clinical manifestations of someone with bubonic plague
caused by Y. pestis
- abrupt onset of high fever w/ chills
- tender and enlarged lymph nodes: “buboes” and the femoral and inguinal lymph nodes are the most common
- bubonic form can result into secondary pneumonic form
Ebola is spread through ______
bodily secretions from infected individuals: blood, semen, saliva, urine
what is the geographic distribution of infection by B. bacilliformis causing _______
Carrion’s disease;
- mountains of American Andes, e.g. Peru Ecuador, Colombia
what is the typical presentation of cat scratch disease caused by ______
B. henselae;
- regional lymphadenopathy with accompanying fever, malaise, headache, anorexia, joint pain, arthritis, back pain
ebolavirus is a ______virus. describe its biology
Filovirus;
- linear negative sense RNA
- enveloped
- helical
- NON segmented
- replicates in the cytoplasm
Marburg virus is also a filovirus
serology for titers against ______ (virulence factor) can be used to diagnose infections caused by Y. pestis
F1 antigen
describe the biology of yersinia
gram NEGATIVE bacillus
- non motile
- facultative anaerobe
- non lactose fermenting
- grows in media containing blood or tissue fluids
- “safety pin” appearance
An increase in F1 envelope antigen titers is indicative of infection by ______
Yersinia pestis
Ebola virus is a enveloped/non enveloped and is +/- stranded DNA/RNA virus
enveloped negative sense RNA virus
what is the presentation of the chronic phase of Carrion’s disease
- multiple nodular hemangiomous skin lesions
- bacteria invade capillary endothelium and fill vacuoles
what are some pathogens that can be transmitted via sand fly?
- leishmania
- Bartonella bacilliformis
Cat scratch disease is transmitted by ______ and bacteria enter the _____ cell and later _____ cells
fleas; endothelial; RBC’s
cats are the primary reservoir
human to human spread of yersinia pestis results in ______ plague
pneumonic
a person with infection by Y. pestis infects another person. what is the clinical presentation that you would expect to see in the newly infected person
- direct inhalation form humans leads to primary pneumonic plague
- fever, headache, cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, and muscle weakness
the causal agent of the plague is _____
Yersinia pestis
what is a buboe?
- tender, firm, elevated and enlarged lymph nodes
describe the disease progression of Carrion’s disease
2 stages:
- acute phase - oroya fever: fever, headache, muscle aches, painless liver enlargement, jaundice, hemolytic anemia
- Chronic/eruptive/tissue phase- verruga peruana (pervivan wart): multiple nodular hemangionas skins lesions
describes he lesion seen in bacillary angiomatosis
single or multiple, red “cranberry like” globular lesions on the skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone or other organs that enlarge and ulcerate
