Respiratory Tract Infections 9 Flashcards
what pathogen causes melioidosis and what is the clinical manifestation
- caused by: Burkhoderia pseudomallei
- pneumonia (adults) + localized skin infection (kids)
peridomestic settings such s barns, outbuildings and sheds are potential sites for transmission of ______
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
what is the typical presentation of ornithosis
- features of pneumonia (headaches, high fever chills myalgia, consolidation) PLUS CNS involvement and GI symptoms
- also patients tend to have hepatosplenomegaly and follicular kertoconjunctivitis
similar to legionella but look at exposure (contaminated water vs. birds; and won’t see hepatosplenomegaly in legionella)
what is the initial presentation of someone with Hantavirus infection
- similar to viral gastroenteritis: fever, headache, myalgia, vomiting and diarrhea
acute Q fever, looking at ________ against phase _____
IgG and IgM against phase II LPS
ornithosis is a ______ disease caused by _____
zoonotic (also called parrot fever)
Chlamydophila psitacci
what would you look for in diagnosis someone with melioidosis
- endemic region
- cornflower head morphology on Ashdown’s agar
- gram negative bacilli with bipolar staining
unique biological features of chlamydophila psitacci:
- biphasic lifestyle: elementary bodies and reticulate bodies -
- cell wall does NOT contain peptidoglycan but instead contains MOMP (major outer membrane protein)
what is the selective media for burkholderia pseudomallei from sputum and how is the presentation on that media described?
- Ashdown’s agar
- will see cornflower head morphology
which bacteria does not have peptidoglycan in their cell wall, but instead has major outer membrane protein
chlamydophila sp.
_________ are at high risk for getting infected by C. pstittaci
zookeepers and people dealing with birds
______ is a primary risk for virus exposure of hantavirus
rodent infestation
________ is a pathogen that shows phase variation
Coxiella burnetti
LPS is infections in the body but not infectious when grown on media
describe the biology fo hantavirus
RNA virus, spherical, lipid envelope with two major glycoproteins
cornflower head morphology on ________ agar is indicative of __________ infection
Ashdown’s;
Burkholderia pseudomallei
describe the clinical phases of hantavirus
- prodromal (3-5 days): represents viral gastroenteritis
- cardiopulmonary (24-48 hours): dyspnea, dry cough, pulmonary edema, circulatory collapse
- convalescent: dieresis and improvement of symptoms
risk factors for melioidosis includes:
- diabetes
- excessive alcohol consumption
- chronic lung disease
- CF
- thalassemia
what is the transmission method of hantavirus
inhalation of the air contaminated with the virus; airborne transmission
what are examples of zoonotic diseases
- Q fever (coxiella burnetti)
- Ornithosis (Chlamydophila psitacci)
_______ intracellular gram _____ bacteria = chlamydophila psitacci
obligate; gram NEGATIVE
endemic regions of Burkholderia pseudomallei
- south asian (India, Thailand, Malaysia) SE Asia including China, and Northern Australia
describe the biology of burkholderia pseudomallei
- gram NEGATIVE bacili, rod shaped
- motile
- bipolar staining
- aerobic
- facultative intracellular
- NON spore forming
- found in solid and fresh water in South Asia, SE asian and northern Australia
What are the 3 main clinical presentations of Q fever?
- self limiting flu like illness
- pneumonia (North America)
- hepatitis (Europe)
_____ is a lab investigation used for diagnosis of Hantavirus infection
RT-PCR or EILSA for IgM and IgG Abs against hantavirus
reticulate bodies will convert back into elementary bodies _____ hours after initial penetration
18-24hours
______ are natural reservoirs of someone with ornithosis
birds; caused by chlamydophila psittaci
in someone with culture negative endocarditis, what serological testing are you going to be looking for in diagnosis?
- culture negative endocarditis is caused by chronic Q fever
- IgG’s against phase I LPS
______ phase of the hantavirus infection correlates with the immune response
cardiopulmonary phase because there immune response causes increased permeability of capillaries resulting from the endothelial damage
describe the biology of coxiella burnetti
- gram negative
- obligate intracellular
- transmission by inhalation
- cattle sheep and goats are important reservoirs
primary reservoir for the Hantavirus is ______
rodents
________ virus is the most common cause of hantavirus virus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
Sin Nombre virus
__________ can cause culture negative endocarditis. Risk groups for this include:
Chronic Q fever;
- pre existing heart defects
- pregnancy
- immunocompromised
chylamydophila psitacci is spread via _______
inhalation of excreta, urine or respiratory droplets of birds
the elementary body reorganizes into reticulate bodies in _______ after _________ hours after penetration
chlamydophila;
6-8 hours
the predominant mode of transmission of burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) is _______
percutaneous inoculation (broken skin) during exposure to wet soils or contaminated water
describe the cardiopulmonary phase of hantavirus infection
- fluid moves from the intravascular space to extravascular –> edema
- SOB
