Pneumoconiosis and Vascular Disease 1 Flashcards
how does ______ increase the risk of developing pulmonary TB?
silicosis;
- the crystalline silica inhibits the ability of pulmonary macrophages to kill the phagocytosed mycobacteria
what are some non cariogenic causes of pulmonary edema?
- ARDS
- high altitude
- neurogenic
- pulmonary embolism
what are some secondary causes to hypoxia that can lead to pulmonary thromboembolism
- atelectasis
- blood flow redirected to the normally hypoventilated areas of the lung g
- right to left shunt
atheroma are seen in what sized arteries in pulmonary HTN
large
fibrous scar and massive fibrosis with impaired pulmonary function is seen in what type of CWP?
complicated CWP
what occupations are at risk for silicosis?
- mining
- sandblasting
- stonecutting
- ceramics
plexiform lesions involve _______ sized arteries and are common in primary/secondary pulmonary HTN
smaller sized arteries;
more common in PRIMARY pulmonary HTN
what is the pathogenesis of the mutation in BMPR gene in primary cause of pulmonary HTN
- mutation causes extensive proliferation of smooth muscle
- normally, BMPR binds to TGF beta pathway ligands and INHIBITS smooth muscle proliferation
what is required for a pulmonary infarct to occur?
end artery occlusion AND cardiovascular compromise
a construction worker installing insulation is at risk for developing what lung disease?
asbestosis
mesothelioma can be caused by ________. describe what mesothelioma looks like grossly
asbestosis;
thick white pleural tumor tissue that surrounds the lung (like pleura) with normal parenchyma inside
asbestos is a risk factor for ______ carcinoma and ________
bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma (mesothelioma involves plaques in the pleura)
describe the histopathological side of an asbestos body
- beading and knobbed ends (brown in color)
pulmonary HTN is secondary to ______
↓ cross sectional area of blood flow: COPD, recurrent pulmonary emboli or heart disease such as mitral stenosis and L → R shunt
pulmonary hypertension is defined as when the mean PA reaches ______
at least 1/4 of the systemic pressure
_______ play a central role in the progression of pneumoconiosis
alveolar macrophages: cause tissue injury by releasing enzymes and free radicals AND the secrete growth factors for fibroblast proliferation
sudden death in a saddle embolism can be due to _____ or _____
hypoxia or right heart failure
what dusts are fibrogenic?
- asbestos
- silica
what would you expect to see in the medium sized arteries in pulmonary HTN?
medial wall smooth muscle hypertrophy
collagenous bundles surrounded by macrophages is an histopathological feature of _______ (occupational lung disease)
silicosis
what are the three subtypes of coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
- anthracosis
- simple CWP
- complicated CWP
simple CWP is characterized by ___________
macules and nodules which are aggregates of dust-laden macrophages
very few symptoms
primary cause of pulmonary HTN involves a germline mutation in _________
BMPR type 2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor)
what are the 3 most common caucuses of pneumoconiosis
- asbestosis
- silicosis
- coal workers pneumoconiosis
pneumoconiosis is lung diseases secondary to inhalation of mineral dusts and organic/inorganic particulate
patient is asymptomatic and histology shows carbon pigment accumulation along the lymph nodes. What is the diagnosis?
anthracosis
what are the components of asbestos bodies?
asbestos fibers complexed with protein and iron
iron is from the macrophage ferritin
a stonecutter develops _______ and so he is at increased risk for developing __________
silicosis;
↑ risk of pulmonary TB
