White Blood Cell Disorders 1 Flashcards
drug induced neutropenia is often due to suppression of ________
suppression of committed myeloid precursors
what are some causes for peripheral loss of neutrophils resulting in neutropenia
- immune related
- splenic sequestration
- increased consumption of neutrophils
the most common cause of severe neutropenia is _____
drug induced (chemotherapy)
for predictable neutropenia caused by chemotherapy, treating includes a _____ (drug: ____)
G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor)
drug: filgrastim
what are some reactive changes in neutrophils in a patient with bacterial sepsis that you can see on histology?
Dohle bodies which are small blue cytoplasmic patches of dilated ER
which lymphomas are often associated with eosinophilic leukocytosis
- Hodgkin’s
- T cell
which skin diseases are associated with eosinophilic leukocytosis
- bulls pemphigus and pemphigoid
- dermatitis herpetiformis
Dohle bodies, seen in ______ is indicative of _____
neutrophils (Dohle bodies are small cytoplasmic inclusions)
indicative of a patient with bacterial sepsis
if you see basophilic leukocytosis on histology, it almost alway syndicates which myeloproliferative neoplasm?
CML
viral infections from EBV, Hep A and CMV are causes for reactive monocytosis/lymphocytosis
reactive lymphocytosis
inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis is a cause of reactive monocytosis/lymphocytosis
monocytosis
infectious mononucleosis is the most common example of reactive ______
atypical lymphocytes
in the lymph node, most of the B cell activity occurs in the _________
follicle (cortical region)
paracortical hyperplasia of the lymph node is associated with _____
T cell response
what do you see in the medulla of the lymph node?
mainly plasma cells
it is hard to tell the difference from the peripheral blood between: reactive increase in granulocytes aka neutrophils (leukmoid reaction) vs _____
CML
a child presents to the office with axillary lymphadenopathy, what should be done?
- because it is a child, lymphadenopathy is often due to meeting with pathogens (reactive)
- no need to rush for a biopsy. just have them come back after some time and see if it has gotten smaller
general categories of causes of WBC malignancies
- pro growth mutations: tyrosine kinase mutations, MYC translocation
- ↑ self renewal: MLL translation, PML-RARA fusion gene
- ↓ apoptosis (pro survival): BCL2 tranlocation
what is the difference between leukemia and lymphoma
- leukemia: neoplasia involves predominantly the bone marrow and peripheral blood at the time of presentation
- lymphoma: neoplasia from discreet tissue masses at the time of presentation
almost all of ______ lymphomas present with ____ lymph node enlargement
(tender/nontender)
HODGKIN’S
NON TENDER
lymphoid leukemias present with _____
cytopenias because symptoms and signs are related to bone marrow replacement
in the lymphoid lineage, plasma cell neoplasms usually present with ______
bone destruction leading to bone pain due to pathological fractures
extra nodal enlargement and thus GI symptoms and local symptoms are common in ______ lymphoma
NON HODGKINS
B/T cell neoplasms show light chain restriction by expression either kappa or lambda chains
B cell neoplasms
the _____ or ____ chains in B cell neoplasms can be detectable via ____ or _____
kappa or lambda;
flow cytometry or immunohistochemical stains
what translocation is associated with follicular lymphoma?
t(14,18)
what translocation is associated with mantle cell lymphoma
t(11,14)
what translocation is associated with MALToma
t(11,18)
t(8.14)
Burkitt’s lymphoma
