White Blood Cell Disorders 1 Flashcards
drug induced neutropenia is often due to suppression of ________
suppression of committed myeloid precursors
what are some causes for peripheral loss of neutrophils resulting in neutropenia
- immune related
- splenic sequestration
- increased consumption of neutrophils
the most common cause of severe neutropenia is _____
drug induced (chemotherapy)
for predictable neutropenia caused by chemotherapy, treating includes a _____ (drug: ____)
G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor)
drug: filgrastim
what are some reactive changes in neutrophils in a patient with bacterial sepsis that you can see on histology?
Dohle bodies which are small blue cytoplasmic patches of dilated ER
which lymphomas are often associated with eosinophilic leukocytosis
- Hodgkin’s
- T cell
which skin diseases are associated with eosinophilic leukocytosis
- bulls pemphigus and pemphigoid
- dermatitis herpetiformis
Dohle bodies, seen in ______ is indicative of _____
neutrophils (Dohle bodies are small cytoplasmic inclusions)
indicative of a patient with bacterial sepsis
if you see basophilic leukocytosis on histology, it almost alway syndicates which myeloproliferative neoplasm?
CML
viral infections from EBV, Hep A and CMV are causes for reactive monocytosis/lymphocytosis
reactive lymphocytosis
inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis is a cause of reactive monocytosis/lymphocytosis
monocytosis
infectious mononucleosis is the most common example of reactive ______
atypical lymphocytes
in the lymph node, most of the B cell activity occurs in the _________
follicle (cortical region)
paracortical hyperplasia of the lymph node is associated with _____
T cell response
what do you see in the medulla of the lymph node?
mainly plasma cells
it is hard to tell the difference from the peripheral blood between: reactive increase in granulocytes aka neutrophils (leukmoid reaction) vs _____
CML
a child presents to the office with axillary lymphadenopathy, what should be done?
- because it is a child, lymphadenopathy is often due to meeting with pathogens (reactive)
- no need to rush for a biopsy. just have them come back after some time and see if it has gotten smaller
general categories of causes of WBC malignancies
- pro growth mutations: tyrosine kinase mutations, MYC translocation
- ↑ self renewal: MLL translation, PML-RARA fusion gene
- ↓ apoptosis (pro survival): BCL2 tranlocation
what is the difference between leukemia and lymphoma
- leukemia: neoplasia involves predominantly the bone marrow and peripheral blood at the time of presentation
- lymphoma: neoplasia from discreet tissue masses at the time of presentation
almost all of ______ lymphomas present with ____ lymph node enlargement
(tender/nontender)
HODGKIN’S
NON TENDER
lymphoid leukemias present with _____
cytopenias because symptoms and signs are related to bone marrow replacement
in the lymphoid lineage, plasma cell neoplasms usually present with ______
bone destruction leading to bone pain due to pathological fractures
extra nodal enlargement and thus GI symptoms and local symptoms are common in ______ lymphoma
NON HODGKINS
B/T cell neoplasms show light chain restriction by expression either kappa or lambda chains
B cell neoplasms
