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PCM Exam 3 > Respiratory Tract Infections 6 > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infections 6 Flashcards

1
Q

pneumococcal vaccines contains __________

A

capsular polysaccharide antigens

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2
Q

what are the virulence factors associated with strep pneumonia

A
  • capsule
  • IgA protease
  • pneumolysin: targets alveolar endothelial cells by binding to cholesterol and makes pores in the cell membrane
  • autolysin
  • transformation: how non-pathogenic strains becomes pathogenic
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3
Q

pneumolysin targets _________

A

alveolar endothelial cells

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4
Q

what are the virulence factors of Klebsiella?

A
  • thick polysaccharide capsule (CPS/K antigen)
  • LPS (O antigen)
  • produces enzyme carbapenamase
  • pili (fimbriae): responsible for its tissue tropism
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5
Q

______ is responsible or the tissue tropism in Klebsiella pneumonia

A
  • type 3 pili
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6
Q

______ pneumonia is seen in community acquired pneumonia

A

lobar

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7
Q

___________ pneumococcal vaccine is given to children younger than 2 years old

A

conjugate vaccine aka PCV13

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8
Q

person comes in with fever, pleuritic chest pain and signs of lung consolidation. Pathogen for his pneumonia is found to be gram positive catalase negative alpha hemolytic and optochin sensitive. what is the pathogen?

A
  • strep pneumonia
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9
Q

does klebsiella ferment lactose?

A

YES

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10
Q

what are 4 typical causes of community acquired pneumonia

A

community acquired = bacterial

  • strep. pneumonia
  • Klebsiella pneumonia
  • H. influenza
  • Staph aureus
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11
Q

necrotization of lung tissue by __________ is due to _______

A

Klebsiella pneumonia; endotoxin (LPS)

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12
Q

polymicrobial infection and putrid odor to breath and sputum can be seen in _______

A

pneumonia caused by Klebseilla; via aspiration

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13
Q

what is the function of pneumolysin, a virulence factor found in ________

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

- targets alveolar endothelial cells by binding to the cholesterol and making pores in the cell membrane

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14
Q

the most common cause of atypical community acquired pneumonia is _______

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

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15
Q

rusty colored sputum is indicative of _______

A

pneumonia caused by strep. pneumonia

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16
Q

what is the function of the O antigen in Klebsiella pneumonia

A
  • LPS that prevents ingestion b phagocytes and impedes complement (C3b) and inhibits opsonization
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17
Q

describe the biology of klebsiella

A
  • gram negative bacillus with a large polysaccharide capsule that has a mucoid appearance
  • non motile
  • facultative anaerobe
  • catalase postive
  • ferments lactose
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18
Q

__________ is intrinsically resistant to beta lactam antibiotics

A

mycoplasma because it does not have a cell wall

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19
Q

what are 4 properties of pneumolysin

A
  • inhibits ciliated epithelial cell activity
  • cytotoxic of alveolar and endothelial cells
  • causes inflammation
  • ↓ PMN effectiveness
20
Q

the prolonged cough seen in atypical CAP caused by mycoplasma is due to ______

A

inhibition of ciliary movement by P1 adhesion proteins

21
Q

usually one/two lobes are involved with community acquired pneumonia

A

one

22
Q

what are the 3 different types of pneumonia

A
  • lobar (community acquired, bacterial)
  • bronchial (hospital acquired, viral)
  • interstitial (ventilator associated)
23
Q

Describe the presentation of someone with pneumonia:

A
  • fever, pleuritic chest pain with productive cough

- bronchial breath sounds heard due to consolidation

24
Q

atypical pneumonia with CNS (confusion) and GI involvement is typically due to what pathogen?

A
  • Legionella pneumophila
25
Q

______ pneumonia is typically due to ventilator associated pneumonia

A

interstitial

26
Q

outbreaks of mycoplasma pneumonia is the highest in ______

A

crowded institutional settings such as prisons, colleges, military, etc

27
Q

mucoid appearance in their thick capsule is seen with what pathogen?

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

28
Q

pseudomas is gram _____

A

negative

29
Q

K antigen in ________ is associated with the ________

A

Klebsiella; thick polysaccharide capsule

30
Q

the most common cause of otitis externa is ________

A

pseudomonas aeurginosa

31
Q

mycoplasma attaches to the respiratory epithelial cells at the _____ and leads to

A

base of the cilia and leads to the activation of inflammatory mediators and produces hydrogen peroxide that disrupts the respiratory tract and damages RBC membranes

32
Q

pneumonia caused by Klebsiella can lead to ______ or ______

A

lung abscesses or aspiration pneumonia

necrotizing pneumonia

33
Q

sputum is yellow green in color and smells like grapes. what is the most likely pathogen?

A

pseudomonas aeurginosa

34
Q

_______ pneumonia is seen in hospital acquired pneumonia

A

bronchial

35
Q

Klebsiella is catalase _____

A

positive

36
Q

what are the most common causes of atypical community acquired pneumonia?

A
  • Mycoplasma pneumonia
  • chlamoydophila pneumonia
  • legionella pneumophila
37
Q

what are some clinical features of atypical pneumonia

A
  • symptoms are progressive and insidious
  • symptoms are milder than typical pneumonia
  • exertional SOB, fever with chills (lower fever than typical)
  • scratchy sore throat (mycoplasma)
  • confusion (elderly/legionella)
  • GI symptoms (legionella)
  • patient feels fine but CXR shows signs of pneumonia
38
Q

what type of patients are at risk for acquiring pneumonia caused by Klebsiella?

A
  • those with underlying conditions such as: alcoholics, diabetes, COPD, hospital acquired infections, etc
39
Q

______ is a virulence factor that allows strep. pneumonia to colonize the mucosa

A

IgA protease

40
Q

“red currant jelly” sputum is indicative of what?

A

pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumonia which is characterized by necrotization of lung tissue and is severe and destructive

41
Q

describe the motility of pseudomonas

A

highly motile with multiple flagella (they are found in freshwater so probably helps them move in the water)

42
Q

describe the biology of pseudomonas

A
  • gram negative
  • strictly aerobic
  • highly motile with multiple flagella
  • both beta and gamma hemolytic
  • mucoid colonies on agar
  • gives green color to agar
  • yellow green sputum
  • smells like grapes
43
Q

what is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia

A

strep. pneumonia

44
Q

infection by pseudomonas is particularly dangerous in what type of people?

A

people with structural defects in body’s defenses:

  • burn victims
  • CF
  • hospital acquired infections (ventilator acquired)
45
Q

__________ causes of pneumonia is spread through physical contact and NOT through air

A

Klebsiella

46
Q

what are the virulence factors of mycoplasma pneumonia

A
  • P1 adhesion and accessory proteins for speicalized attachment
  • production of hydrogen peroxide
  • CARDS toxin (community acquired respiratory distress syndrome)

PCM Exam 3 (32 decks)

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