Respiratory Tract Infections 6 Flashcards
pneumococcal vaccines contains __________
capsular polysaccharide antigens
what are the virulence factors associated with strep pneumonia
- capsule
- IgA protease
- pneumolysin: targets alveolar endothelial cells by binding to cholesterol and makes pores in the cell membrane
- autolysin
- transformation: how non-pathogenic strains becomes pathogenic
pneumolysin targets _________
alveolar endothelial cells
what are the virulence factors of Klebsiella?
- thick polysaccharide capsule (CPS/K antigen)
- LPS (O antigen)
- produces enzyme carbapenamase
- pili (fimbriae): responsible for its tissue tropism
______ is responsible or the tissue tropism in Klebsiella pneumonia
- type 3 pili
______ pneumonia is seen in community acquired pneumonia
lobar
___________ pneumococcal vaccine is given to children younger than 2 years old
conjugate vaccine aka PCV13
person comes in with fever, pleuritic chest pain and signs of lung consolidation. Pathogen for his pneumonia is found to be gram positive catalase negative alpha hemolytic and optochin sensitive. what is the pathogen?
- strep pneumonia
does klebsiella ferment lactose?
YES
what are 4 typical causes of community acquired pneumonia
community acquired = bacterial
- strep. pneumonia
- Klebsiella pneumonia
- H. influenza
- Staph aureus
necrotization of lung tissue by __________ is due to _______
Klebsiella pneumonia; endotoxin (LPS)
polymicrobial infection and putrid odor to breath and sputum can be seen in _______
pneumonia caused by Klebseilla; via aspiration
what is the function of pneumolysin, a virulence factor found in ________
pneumococcal pneumonia
- targets alveolar endothelial cells by binding to the cholesterol and making pores in the cell membrane
the most common cause of atypical community acquired pneumonia is _______
mycoplasma pneumonia
rusty colored sputum is indicative of _______
pneumonia caused by strep. pneumonia
what is the function of the O antigen in Klebsiella pneumonia
- LPS that prevents ingestion b phagocytes and impedes complement (C3b) and inhibits opsonization
describe the biology of klebsiella
- gram negative bacillus with a large polysaccharide capsule that has a mucoid appearance
- non motile
- facultative anaerobe
- catalase postive
- ferments lactose
__________ is intrinsically resistant to beta lactam antibiotics
mycoplasma because it does not have a cell wall
what are 4 properties of pneumolysin
- inhibits ciliated epithelial cell activity
- cytotoxic of alveolar and endothelial cells
- causes inflammation
- ↓ PMN effectiveness
the prolonged cough seen in atypical CAP caused by mycoplasma is due to ______
inhibition of ciliary movement by P1 adhesion proteins
usually one/two lobes are involved with community acquired pneumonia
one
what are the 3 different types of pneumonia
- lobar (community acquired, bacterial)
- bronchial (hospital acquired, viral)
- interstitial (ventilator associated)
Describe the presentation of someone with pneumonia:
- fever, pleuritic chest pain with productive cough
- bronchial breath sounds heard due to consolidation
atypical pneumonia with CNS (confusion) and GI involvement is typically due to what pathogen?
- Legionella pneumophila