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PCM Exam 3 > Respiratory Tract infections 5 > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract infections 5 Flashcards

1
Q

the most common cause of acute bronchitis is ______

A

viruses: influenza A/B, coronavirus, rhinovirus, RSV

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2
Q

what viral attachment proteins are on the envelope of RSV?

A
  • fusion protein
  • Glycoprotein (G protein)
  • NO hemagglutinin and NO neuraminidase
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3
Q

what are risk factors for bronchiolitis?

A
  • prematurity
  • low birth weight
  • chronic pulmonary disease
  • hemodynamically significant congenital heart diseases
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4
Q

laryngeotracehitis is most commonly caused by _______

A

HPIV (larnygeotracheitis = croup)

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5
Q

Down syndrome is a risk factor that ↑ the chances of getting infected by __________

A

RSV

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6
Q

describe the biology of the viruses that are paramyxoviridae:

A
  • negative sense ssRNA
  • enveloped with viral attachment protein
  • fusion protein (synctia formation for RSV)
  • hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
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7
Q

syncytia formation is due to _______

A

Fusion factor/ F protein

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8
Q

vitamin _____ deficiency is associated with ↑ risk of infection by _________

A

A;

HPIV

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9
Q

describe the clinical course se of bordatella pertussis

A

100 day cough:

  1. catarrhal stage: 1-2 weeks
  2. paroxysmal stage: 1-6 weeks
  3. Convalescent stage: weeks to months
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10
Q

____ protein has polymerase activity in ______

A

L; HPIV

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11
Q

the “whoop” in bordatella pertussis infection occur on expiration/inspiration

A

inspiration (coughing on expiration to expel the mucus that is there due to the ciliary dysfunction)

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12
Q

which toxins released by bordetella pertussis cause localized tissue damage?

A
  • dermonecrotic toxin

- tracheal cytotoxin (immobilizes cilia)

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13
Q

the P/F proteins in HPIV play an essential role inhibiting the host immune response by ____________

A

blocks IFN α/ β production and the signaling pathway

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14
Q

bordatella pertussis is a gram negative/postive ______

A

gram negative coccobacillus

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15
Q

what age group is croup seen in and what are 3 key features of this illness?

A
  • seen in kids 6 months - 3 years
  • inspiratory stridor
  • barking cough
  • hoarseness in older kids and adults
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16
Q

what is the age group associated with bronchiolitis?

A

kids < 2 years of age; occurs in the fall and winter

17
Q

what are the components of the acellular vaccine for bordatella pertussis (aP part of DTaP vaccines)

A
  • filamentous hemagluttinin

- pertussis toxin

18
Q

“steeple sign” on X Ray is indicative of ____________

A

subglottic narrowing of the trachea seen with croup

19
Q

name 5 predisposing factors for infection by HPIV

A
  • malnutrition
  • overcrowding
  • Vitamin A deficiency
  • Lack of breast feeding
  • environmental smoke/toxins
20
Q

child that is less than 2 years of age with prominent wheezing… what is the first thing you should think?

A

bronchiolitis;

virus infects terminal bronchiolar epithelial cells and the sloughed epithelia cells will obstruct small airways and cause atelectasis

21
Q

what are the viral proteins and their functions associated with HPIV?

A
  • P/F proteins: immune evasion
  • F proteins: syncytium formation
  • HN protein
  • L protein: polymerase
  • M protein: matrix structural protein
22
Q

lack of breast feeding is associated with ↑ risk of infection by ________

A

HPIV

23
Q

the class whooping cough is seen in the ______ stage of the infection

A

paroxysmal

24
Q

how can you distinguish between acute bronchitis and pneumonia?

A

systemic symptoms suggest pneumonia: presence of high fever, pleuritic chest pain, SOB = pneumonia

25
Q

the most common cause of croup is ______

A

HPIV-1 (human parainfluenza virus), in addition to RSV and Adenovirus

26
Q

croup involves the inflammation in the ________

A

larynx and sub-glottic area

27
Q

croup involves the narrowing of _____________

A

subglottis

28
Q

HPIV is a positive/negative sense ssRNA

A

negative sense ssRNA

29
Q

paramyoxoviridae is divided into what 2 subfamilies?

A
  • paramyxoviriniae HPIV

- pneumoviriniae :RSV

30
Q

the most common cause of bronchiolitis is _________

A

RSV

31
Q

what is the MOA of the pertussis toxin?

A

↑ cAMP by inhibition of Gi → inhibiting phagocytosis

32
Q

what culture would you use for Bordatella pertussis

A
  • bordet genom aka charcoal blood agar + cephalosporin
33
Q

systemic toxicity and symptoms are caused by the _____ toxin in bordatella pertussis infection

A

pertussis

34
Q

at what stage do you see the non specific symptoms?

A

catarrhal

PCM Exam 3 (32 decks)

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