Lung Carcinomas Flashcards
Virtually all ______ has metastasized by the time of diagnosis
Small cell lung carcinomas
_______ carcinoma of the lung is strongly associated with smoking
Squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (99% of small cell cancer is associated with cigarette smoking)
what is the MOA of crizotinib?
protein kinase inhibitor that inhibits EML4/ALK fusion protein found in 45% of NSCLC patients
99% of ________ carcinoma is associated with cigarette smoking
small cell carcinoma
Grading of adenocarcinoma is based on the ratio of:
Glands to solid elements. More glands = better differentiated
large cell carcinoma is diagnosed via _____
exclusion: no feature of small cell carcinoma, no gland differential or squamous differentiation
which lung carcinomas are located centrally?
squamous cell and small cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor of the lung
Cavitations are seen in what lung carcinoma?
Squamous cell carcinoma;
Cavitation due to central necrosis emptying into the airways during cough
what is the difference between the typical and atypical variant of carcinoid tumor
typical variant does not have necrosis and has little mitosis while typical has necrosis
patients with which disease would you give tyrosine inhibitors such as _____ or ______
gefitinib or erlotinib;
give to patients with advanced lung carcinomas and test positive for EGFR mutation
people with advanced lung carcinomas who test positive for the ______ mutation are more likely to respond to treatment with ____________
tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as: gefitinib and erlotinib
What are the common non small cell lung cancers?
- adenocarcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Large cell carcinoma
what are examples of drugs that are tyrosine kinase inhibitors
gefitinib and erlotinib
large cell carcinomas have _______ prognosis
poor
Proliferation of ________ is seen in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (precursor lesion of adenocarcinoma of lung)
Minimally atypical pneumocytes
What are some histological evidence of squamous cell carcinoma?
- keratin pearls (accumulation of keratin surrounded by squamous cells)
- Intercellular bridges
- Individual cell keratinization (keratin accumulates inside the cell)
carcinoid tumor of the lung arises from ________
Kulchitsky cells (neuroendocrine tumor)
what are some histological features of small cell carcinoma?
- round, scant cytoplasm
- finely granular chromatin
- nuclear molding
- extensive necrosis
patients with carcinoid tumor of the lung can present with ______
carcinoid syndrome in which they have episodic attacks of flushes, diarrhea, cramps, vomiting, asthma attacks
_________ is the most common lung cancer in NON smokers
Adenocarcinoma
nests of tumor cells separated by fibrovascular septae with salt and pepper chromatin
carcinoid tumor
_________ is contraindicated in patients with squamous cell carcinoma because it an cause life threatening hemorrhage
bevacizumab
what are the three major histological pattern seen in mesothelioma
- epithelial
- sarcomatoid
- mixed (biphasic)
What are the 4 main common types of primary pulmonary neoplasms
- adenocarcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Large cell carcinoma
- Small cell carcinoma
cavitations, cigarettes and hypercalcemia is seen in _________
Squamous cell carcinoma
Most common lung carcinoma < 45 years old
Adenocarcinoma
what drug inhibits EML4/ALK fusion protein
crizotinib
_________ line the alveoli in adenocarcinoma in situ (bronchialveolar subtype)
Tall columnar mucin producing cells
centrally located, polypoid growth describes what lung disease?
carcinoid tumor
