Respiratory Tract Infections 2

Question 1

patient gets a common cold and the causal agent is coronavirus. after he recovers, does he have lifelong immunity to coronavirus?

Answer 1

NO because when it replicates in the host, it undergoes mutations that changes its serotype.

Question 2

intermediate hosts of SARS is ________

Answer 2

cats

Question 3

patient presents with symptoms of common cold and culture shows presence of a DNA virus that can hemagglutinate AND lysis. What could this virus be?

Answer 3

Adenovirus

coronavirus can cause hemagglutination via the spike protein but it does not cause lysis

Question 4

child presents with acute flaccid paralysis and had a history of a common cold early. He has a history of asthma and wheezing.
What is the causal agent and describe its biology

Answer 4

enterovirus EV D68 (non polio enterovirus)
positive sense ssRNA
NON enveloped

Question 5

incidence of common cold caused by coronavirus peaks in the _________ (season)

Answer 5

winter

Question 6

describe the biology of adenovirus:

DNA/RNA, enveloped/non-enveloped, etc

Answer 6

linear dsDNA, NON enveloped icosahedral

Question 7

________ has toxic activity once the virus is endocytosed into the cell

Answer 7

penton base

Question 8

if a patient presents with symptoms of a common cold and ALSO has additional symptoms such as: conjunctivitis, cystitis, gastroenteritis, what is the most likely pathogen?

Answer 8

adenovirus

Question 9

what is a unique feature of adenovirus on histology?

Answer 9

basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies

Question 10

vaccines are available for what viral cause(s) of the common cold

Answer 10

only adenovirus

Question 11

what is the geographical locations associated with SARS?

Answer 11

China, HK, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

Question 12

when does adenovirus cause common cold?

Answer 12

throughout the year

Question 13

_____ is a common symptoms that would indicate the pharyngitis has a viral cause

Answer 13

rhinitis because most of the viruses replication in the nasal epithelium

Question 14

children with a history of ________ or _____ are at high risk of developing acute flaccid paralysis when infected by ______

Answer 14

asthma or wheezing

enterovirus EV-D68

Question 15

the most common infectious cause of pharyngitis is bacterial/viral

Answer 15

viral

Question 16

L (polymerase) protein in adenovirus in the infected cell has ______ polymerase activity

Answer 16

RNA

Question 17

what is required to diagnose SARS

Answer 17

• common cold symptoms but MUST have one more more LRTI symptoms (cough/SOB) AND must have documented radiologic evidence of pneumonia or ARDS AND lab serology

(if you don’t have a definite lab serology, look at travel history (china, HK, Thailand, etc) )

Question 18

what symptoms do you need to see in order to diagnose MERS

Answer 18

• febrile acute respiratory illness with clinical, radiographic or histopathologic evidence of pulmonary parenchymal disease (like SARS) AND have a direct epidemiological link (location/travel history)

Question 19

which causal agent of the common cold has a live oral vaccine for the military personnel?

Answer 19

Adenovirus (serotype 4 and 7)

Question 20

what viral pathogen cause MERS and SARS?

Answer 20

coronavirus

Question 21

Bordet Genou agar is used to grow ____________

Answer 21

BORDatella pertussis

Question 22

patient with a cold in the winter, large RNA virus and does hemagglutination. what is the most likely agent?

Answer 22

coronavirus

Question 23

after how many days can you expect to see radiologic evidence of pneumonia in someone with SARS?

Answer 23

7-10 days because prodrome is typically 3-7 days and the respiratory phase occurs after prodrome

Question 24

describe the biology of coronavirus

Answer 24

• linear positive sense ssRNA
  (largest positive strand RNA virus)
• helical nucleocapsid, enveloped
• contains spike proteins

Question 25

other diseases associated with adenovirus other than common cold:

Answer 25

• febrile undifferentiated URI
• pharnygoconjunctival fever
• epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
• gastroenteritis

Question 26

what serotypes of adenovirus did the FDA approve oral vaccines for?

Answer 26

serotype 4 and 7

Question 27

coronavirus obtains ints envelope from the __________

Answer 27

endoplasmic reticulum, NOT the plasma membrane

Question 28

__________ is a virus that is associated with the exacerbation of COPD by inflammation and airway remodeling

Answer 28

rhinovirus

Question 29

what is the reservoir for SARS?

Answer 29

bats

Question 30

the major form of transmission of SARS is _____

Answer 30

respiratory droplets

Question 31

swimming pool conjunctivitis causal agent is ____

Answer 31

adenovirus

Question 32

_______ is used to confirm diagnosis of SARS

Answer 32

serology, RT-PCR

Question 33

serotype of adenovirus is mainly a result of ________ and _______

Answer 33

differences in the penton base and fiber protein

Question 34

what are some more serious diseases that can be caused by coronavirus?

Answer 34

• MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome)

- SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)

Question 35

Coronavirus replicates in the URT, specifically in the _________ and replications occurs in the _____ of the cell

Answer 35

ciliated nasal epithelium;

cytoplasm

Question 36

what are some physical findings in someone with pharyngitis caused by Group A strep?

Answer 36

• vomiting, tonsillar exudate
• tender anterior cervical lymph nodes
• tonsillopharyngeal/palatal petechiae
• absence of cough
• rash

Question 37

what is the function of viral genes E1A, E1B, E3, E4?

Answer 37

suppress host immune system

Question 38

__________ agar is a specialized growth media for Corynebacterium diphtheria

Answer 38

tinsdale/ cysteine tellurite agar

Question 39

of the viral causes of the common cold, _____ lasts the least amount of time on inanimate surfaces

Answer 39

coronavirus