Respiratory Tract Infections 2 Flashcards
patient gets a common cold and the causal agent is coronavirus. after he recovers, does he have lifelong immunity to coronavirus?
NO because when it replicates in the host, it undergoes mutations that changes its serotype.
intermediate hosts of SARS is ________
cats
patient presents with symptoms of common cold and culture shows presence of a DNA virus that can hemagglutinate AND lysis. What could this virus be?
Adenovirus
coronavirus can cause hemagglutination via the spike protein but it does not cause lysis
child presents with acute flaccid paralysis and had a history of a common cold early. He has a history of asthma and wheezing.
What is the causal agent and describe its biology
enterovirus EV D68 (non polio enterovirus)
positive sense ssRNA
NON enveloped
incidence of common cold caused by coronavirus peaks in the _________ (season)
winter
describe the biology of adenovirus:
DNA/RNA, enveloped/non-enveloped, etc
linear dsDNA, NON enveloped icosahedral
________ has toxic activity once the virus is endocytosed into the cell
penton base
if a patient presents with symptoms of a common cold and ALSO has additional symptoms such as: conjunctivitis, cystitis, gastroenteritis, what is the most likely pathogen?
adenovirus
what is a unique feature of adenovirus on histology?
basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
vaccines are available for what viral cause(s) of the common cold
only adenovirus
what is the geographical locations associated with SARS?
China, HK, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
when does adenovirus cause common cold?
throughout the year
_____ is a common symptoms that would indicate the pharyngitis has a viral cause
rhinitis because most of the viruses replication in the nasal epithelium
children with a history of ________ or _____ are at high risk of developing acute flaccid paralysis when infected by ______
asthma or wheezing
enterovirus EV-D68
the most common infectious cause of pharyngitis is bacterial/viral
viral
L (polymerase) protein in adenovirus in the infected cell has ______ polymerase activity
RNA
what is required to diagnose SARS
- common cold symptoms but MUST have one more more LRTI symptoms (cough/SOB) AND must have documented radiologic evidence of pneumonia or ARDS AND lab serology
(if you don’t have a definite lab serology, look at travel history (china, HK, Thailand, etc) )
what symptoms do you need to see in order to diagnose MERS
- febrile acute respiratory illness with clinical, radiographic or histopathologic evidence of pulmonary parenchymal disease (like SARS) AND have a direct epidemiological link (location/travel history)
which causal agent of the common cold has a live oral vaccine for the military personnel?
Adenovirus (serotype 4 and 7)
what viral pathogen cause MERS and SARS?
coronavirus
Bordet Genou agar is used to grow ____________
BORDatella pertussis
patient with a cold in the winter, large RNA virus and does hemagglutination. what is the most likely agent?
coronavirus
after how many days can you expect to see radiologic evidence of pneumonia in someone with SARS?
7-10 days because prodrome is typically 3-7 days and the respiratory phase occurs after prodrome
describe the biology of coronavirus
- linear positive sense ssRNA
(largest positive strand RNA virus) - helical nucleocapsid, enveloped
- contains spike proteins
other diseases associated with adenovirus other than common cold:
- febrile undifferentiated URI
- pharnygoconjunctival fever
- epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
- gastroenteritis
what serotypes of adenovirus did the FDA approve oral vaccines for?
serotype 4 and 7
coronavirus obtains ints envelope from the __________
endoplasmic reticulum, NOT the plasma membrane
__________ is a virus that is associated with the exacerbation of COPD by inflammation and airway remodeling
rhinovirus
what is the reservoir for SARS?
bats
the major form of transmission of SARS is _____
respiratory droplets
swimming pool conjunctivitis causal agent is ____
adenovirus
_______ is used to confirm diagnosis of SARS
serology, RT-PCR
serotype of adenovirus is mainly a result of ________ and _______
differences in the penton base and fiber protein
what are some more serious diseases that can be caused by coronavirus?
- MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome)
- SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)
Coronavirus replicates in the URT, specifically in the _________ and replications occurs in the _____ of the cell
ciliated nasal epithelium;
cytoplasm
what are some physical findings in someone with pharyngitis caused by Group A strep?
- vomiting, tonsillar exudate
- tender anterior cervical lymph nodes
- tonsillopharyngeal/palatal petechiae
- absence of cough
- rash
what is the function of viral genes E1A, E1B, E3, E4?
suppress host immune system
__________ agar is a specialized growth media for Corynebacterium diphtheria
tinsdale/ cysteine tellurite agar
of the viral causes of the common cold, _____ lasts the least amount of time on inanimate surfaces
coronavirus
