Respiratory Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

_____ generation antihistamines are LESS likely to block muscarinic receptors (minor anticholinergic adverse effects)

A

second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

______ is used to prevent exercise induced bronchospasm

A

nedocromil/cromolyn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

three cardinal signs of COPD are:

A

dyspnea, chronic cough, and sputum production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the inhaled SHORT acting β2 adrenergic agonist?

A
  • albuterol
  • terbutaline
  • pirbuterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A
  • montelukast

- zafirlukast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

inflammation in the airways ultimately results in ____

A

airflow obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ipatropium and triotropium block ______ receptors on the airways

A

M3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some adverse effects of theophylline?

A

headache, nausea, vomiting, etc
high concentrations: cardiac arrhythmias and seizures
(theophylline is pretty obsolete and has been replaced by β2 agonists and corticosteroids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is an adverse effect of zileuton?

A

hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pharmacotherapy agents used in allergic rhinitis (5)

A
  • glucocorticoid nasal sprays
  • oral antihistamines
  • cromolyn sodium
  • montelukast
  • nasal decongestants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

long term use of systemic glucocortoics can result in ____ and _____

A

hypercortisolism and Cushing’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the inhaled LONG acting β2 adrenergic agonists?

A
  • salmeterol

- formoterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_______ prevent or reverse the desensitization of β2 receptors due to the prolonged use of SABA’s

A

corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

long acting β2 adrenergic agonists (salmeterol and formoterol) are combined with ______ for long term control in moderate and severe persistent asthma

A

corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

______ is first line treatment of allergic rhinitis

A

glucocorticoid nasal sprays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_________ is the DOC for β blocker induced bronchospasm

A

ipratropium

17
Q

what drug is a methylxanthine that is used to treat asthma? what is its MOA?

A

theophylline; inhibits phosphodiesterase → ↑ cAMP → bronchodilator

18
Q

_____ are drugs that act on the cough reflex in the __________

A

codeine and dextromethorphan;

medulla fo the brain

19
Q

systemic corticosteroids such as _____ and _____ are used in the ____ management of asthma

A

prednisone and dexamethasone;

ACUTE

20
Q

_____ may be added to the inhaled corticosteroid therapy for long term control of severe persistent asthma

A

prednisolone

21
Q

omalizumab prevents the binding of ____ to ________

A

IgE to basophils and mast cells

22
Q

what is the MOA of corticosteroids?

A

inhibits phospholipase A2 → inhibits transcription of COX 2 → ↓ formation of leukotrienes and prostaglandins

23
Q

what types of drugs are used to manage asthma?

A
  • bronchodilators: β2 adrenergic agonists, anticholinergics, methylaxanthines
  • anti-inflammatory drugs: corticosteroids, release inhibitors, immunomodulators, leukotriene modifying agents
24
Q

long term use of inhaled corticosteroids can result in ____ and ____

A

osteoporosis and cataracts; can cause deceleration of vertical growth in children

25
Q

zileuton MOA?

A

inhibitor of 5- lipoxygenase

26
Q

what are the uses of nedocromil/cromolyn?

A

they are used to prevent both antigen and exercise induced bronchospasm in asthmatic patients BUT NOT useful in managing an acute asthma attack because stye are not bronchodilators

27
Q

_____ and ______ is used to reduce the cough in COPD; what is the MOA?

A

codeine and dextromethorphan;

suppresses cough reflex via direct action on the cough center in the medulla of the brain

28
Q

iptratropium is what kind of bronchodilator?

A

inhaled short acting muscarinic antagonists

29
Q

what are some adverse effects of montelukast?

A

insomnia, anxiety, depression, suicidal thinking

30
Q

what is a mucolytic agent used for COPD and how does it work?

A

N-acetylcysteine which ↓ viscosity by breaking the disulfide linkages in mucus

31
Q

adding ipratopium to _______ provides additive benefit int hem anagemtn of moderate to severe exacerbations of asthma

A

short acting β2 adrenergic agonists

32
Q

what drugs are used for the ACUTE management of asthma?

A
  • inhaled short acting β2 adrenergic agonist (SABA)
  • inhaled short acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMA)
  • systemic corticosteroids
33
Q

_______ and ______ are release inhibitors (anti-inflammatory)

A

nedocromil and cromolyn;

they inhibit mast cell degranulation

34
Q

anticholinergics (ipratropium and tiotropium) may be safer than SABA’s in patients with cardiovascular disease because _____

A

the anticholinergics are quaternary compounds and so they have low access to systemic circulation and so have minor adverse effects

35
Q

Omalizumab (immunomodulators) is used in the management of patients with __________

A

severe persistent asthma with evidence of allergy

36
Q

what are the anticholinergic bronchodilators?

A
  • Ipratropium (short acting)

- tiotropium (long acting)

37
Q

nasal septal perforation and nasopharyngeal candidiasis and nose bleeds and an AE of ____

A

glucocorticoids

38
Q

what are the three classes of drugs used in the management of COPD?

A
  • bronchodilators (β2 agonists and anticholinergics)
  • corticosteroids
  • mucolytic agents: N-acetylcysteine