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PCM Exam 3 > Respiratory tract infections 4 > Flashcards

Respiratory tract infections 4 Flashcards

1
Q

which surface glycoprotein is the major one associated with antigenic drift?

A

hemagluttinin

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2
Q

when you grow a pathogen on a blood agar, the colonies change in color to pink. What pathogen could this be?

A

moraxella catarrhalis

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3
Q

tamiflu is used to treat the flu by blocking _____

A

neuraminidase

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4
Q

which influenza strain can undergo reassortment (antigenic shift) ?

A

only influenza A because there are no animal hosts for influenza B and C

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5
Q

the most common cause of otitis media is _______

A

moraxella catarrhalis: gram negative diplococci, oxidase positive, strictly aerobic and non motile

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6
Q

influenza type _____ has more ability to result in fatal illnesses and have fatal complications

A

influenza type B

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7
Q

pandemics result from antigenic drift/shift

A

SHIFT; it is the sudden reassortment of the eight genetic subunits of the influenza virus

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8
Q

with the flu, what are the additional symptoms you would expect to see in kids?

A
  • higher fever
  • GI symptoms
  • otits media
  • muscle pain
  • croup (involvement of larynx and trachea)
  • febrile convulsions
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9
Q

local symptoms in the flu results from ________

A

epithelial damage, including ciliated mucous secreting cells

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10
Q

_______ and _______ target the M2 ion channel protein in influenza type A virus

A

amantadine and rimantadine

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11
Q

drugs that target the M2 ion channel protein will inhibit _______ in ONLY ______

A

the uncoating of the virus in only influenza A virus because that is the only one that has the M2 protein

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12
Q

what is the “hockey puck sign” and what pathogen is it seen with?

A
  • when you take a probe to move the colonies, most of the colonies will disintegrate but with hockey puck sign, the entire colony moves l
  • seen with MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS
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13
Q

how do you differentiate between the two gram negative diplococci: _____ and _____

A

moraxella catarrhalis and Neisseria

moraxella is DNase positive and Nitrate reduction positive

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14
Q

the major function of neuraminidase in _____ is ______

A

influenza; aid in the exist of the virus from the host cell

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15
Q

acute exacerbation of COPD is associated with infection of what pathogen?

A

moraxella catarrhalis

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16
Q

M2 ion channel is only present in _____ subtype of influenza virus

A

influenza virus A

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17
Q

influenza C has ________ DNA/RNA segments

A

7 segments of RNA

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18
Q

hemagglutinin helps the influenza virus attach to the host cell by binding to ________ receptors

A

sialyloligosaccharide receptors

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19
Q

segmented _____ genome of influenza promotes genetic diversity by _____ and ______

A

RNA;

mutations and reassortment

20
Q

Zanamivir and Ostelamivir MOA and use

A

inhibits neuraminidase and so blocks the release of the virus from the host cell
works on influenza type A and B (not C)

21
Q

systemic symptoms in the flu is caused by _________

A

interferon and cytokine response to the virus

22
Q

influenza type_____ is a disease birds

A

type A

23
Q

colonization by _________ depends on age and comorbidities such as COPD

A

moraxella catarrhalis

24
Q

describe the biology of moraxella catarrhalis:

  • gram +/-
  • oxidase +/-
  • motile/non motile
A

gram negative diplococcus
strictly aerobic
oxidase positive
NON motile

25
Q

influenza A viruses are further classified by subtype on the basis of ____________

A

surface glycoproteins:

Hemagglutinin (H/HA) and Neuraminidase (N/NA)

26
Q

migration from the nasopharynx to the Eustachian tube in otitis media is precipitated by ______

A

viral URI

27
Q

influenza virus replicates in the ______

A

nucleus

28
Q

gram negative diplococci that is nitrate reduction negative; what could it be?

A
  • Neisseria;

moraxella is nitrate reduction positive and DNase positive

29
Q

the first step in the pathogenesis of otits media caused by moraxella catarhallis is _____

A

colonization of nasopharynx and then spreads to the middle ear via the Eustachian tube

30
Q

moraxella catarrhalis targets ________ cells in the respiratory epithelium

A

type II alveolar cells which then inactivates complement and forms biofilm

31
Q

what are some things that moraxella catarrhalis can do?

A
  • most common cause of otitis media

- exacerbates COPD

32
Q

influenza is divided into A, B and C types based on ________

A

nuclear proteins and matrix proteins

33
Q

does influenza type B have an animal host?

A

no. it is an human infection;

34
Q

__________ (subtype of ______) has 8 RNA segments

A

influenza A and B

35
Q

which influenza strain can undergo mutational (antigen ic drift) ?

A

BOTH influenza A and B

36
Q

how can you differentiate symptoms of the common cold from those of the flu?

A
  • VERY rapid onset of symptoms in flu
  • systemic features are very prominent in the flu (severe headache and malaise)
  • fever is present in both adults and kids for the flu (common cold usually only see fever in kids)
  • GI symptoms more prominent in flu
37
Q

which influenza strain is capable of causing epidemics?

A

A and B

38
Q

antigenic _____ occurs usually as a the result of co-infection of two difference influenza A strains in a single pig

A

SHIFT

39
Q

what pathogens are able to hemagglutinate?

A
  • Adenovirus (fiber protein)
  • coronavirus (spike protein)
  • influenza virus (H surface glycoprotein)
40
Q

what are two major gram negative diplococci?

A
  • Neisseria

- Moraxella catarrhalis

41
Q

what are the 3 ways that moraxella catarrhalis can exacerbate COPD?

A
  • altered mucociliary function
  • airway colonization and infection
  • triggered by acquisition of new strains
42
Q

which influenza strain is capable of causing pandemics?

A

A

43
Q

what is the MOA of amantadine and rimantadine?

A

inhibits the M2 protein which inhibits the uncoating of influenza type A

44
Q

describe the biology of the influenza virus

A

spherical, enveloped, segmented negative sense ssRNA

45
Q

which surface glycoprotein is more commonly associated with antigenic shift?

A

neuraminidase

46
Q

the acidification and envelope fusion of the receptor mediated endocytose virus is caused by ________

A

the M2 ion channels which bring in H+ ions into the host cell

47
Q

what are some symptoms that are common with the common cold but rare with the flu?

A
  • nasal discharge/ runny nose

- sore throat

PCM Exam 3 (32 decks)

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