What is psychology Flashcards

1
Q

scientific investigation of psych

A

test our hunches and intuitions

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2
Q

what is behavior

A

anything we do

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3
Q

what are mental processes (how do they differ from behaviours)

A

internal and subjective (behavior is external and observational)

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4
Q

What historical question is psych characterized by

A

who are we and why are we who we are?

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5
Q

Who said “an unexamined life is not worth living”

A

Socrates

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6
Q

Who were Socrates and Plato (~400 BCE)

A

thought the mind is entirely separate from the body, mind endures after death (Plato), and knowledge is innate (born within us)

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7
Q

Who was Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

A

thought mind and body to be connected, knowledge acquired through experiences, and mind exists as a blank slate until the body exists (opposite to Socrates and Plato’s thoughts)

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8
Q

Who was Avicenna

A

human intellect at birth is a blank slate, knowledge comes from experience

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9
Q

Who was Ibn Tufail

A

demonstrated the idea that mind & body are connected through experience using an allegorical tale in his book called Hayy ibn Yaqzan

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10
Q

What did Hayy ibn Yaqzan influence later on

A

John Locke’s later formula of the blank slate

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11
Q

What was the key interest in the scientific revolution

A

interest in finding natural laws through science, but how to do it with people

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12
Q

What is the mind-body problem

A

how can a physical body and an immaterial mind interact

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13
Q

Who was Renee Descartes

A

found mind and body are both distinct and connected
- blood flows from the brain to the muscles, producing movement (not scientifically accurate at all in real-time)

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14
Q

What did John Locke propose in relation to the mind-body problem

A

mind and body COULD be made of the same substance (not accurate at all in real-time)

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15
Q

Why was John Locke’s proposition in relation to the mind-body problem incorrect?

A

for example, all humans would have full memory of birth and full capability from the beginning (physical makeup right from birth would align with mind function)

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16
Q

Who demonstrated that nerves take time to transmit

A

Hermann Von Helmholtz
- using frogs’ nerves at varying lengths (stimulus further away caused slower contraction)

17
Q

How was psychology born

A

structuralism and functionalism

18
Q

What is structuralism

A

examines structures of the mind through introspection
- discovered by Wilhem Wundt and Edward Bradford Titchener

19
Q

What are the 3 levels of analysis in behaviour or mental processes

A

biological influences, psychological influences, and sociocultural influences (like relationships, peers, society, etc.)

20
Q

What is empiricism

A

everything is based on careful observations (facts), not common sense

21
Q

What is determinism

A

all events are governed by lawful cause-and-effect relationships

22
Q

What is naturalistic observation

A

things are observed as they naturally occur
- describes behaviour but does not explain it

23
Q

What is a case study

A

1 individual is studied in depth - revealing universal issues
- describes behaviour but does not explain it

24
Q

What is correlational research

A

measuring the degree to which two things correlate

25
Is correlation also causation?
no
26
Who believed knowledge comes from "empirical familiarity with objects in this world"
Avicenna
27
Who believed "animal spirits" flowed in the blood from the brain to the muscles to produce movement
Descartes
28
Who proposed the body be separate from the mind, therefore each follow scientific LAWS
James Mill
29
What type of psychologist was John Locke
empiricist
30
What is the difference between empiricism and determinism
empiricism: all knowledge is based on observation, not common sense determinism: all knowledge is based on scientific cause-and-effect relationships
31
what type of research uses random assignment
experimental
32
What are examples of descriptive research
case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation
33
Why can't experiments always be used
random assignment sometimes isn't possible (can't assign someone a race or socioeconomic status), and sometimes isn't ethical (ie. testing effects of smoking on someone who didn't smoke before)