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Psych 101 > People to know for final > Flashcards

People to know for final Flashcards

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1
Q

Socrates & Plato

A

believed the mind and body to be separate
- born with knowledge

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2
Q

Aristotle

A

mind and body are connected
- knowledge gained from experience

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3
Q

Avicenna

A

mind at birth is a blank slate

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4
Q

Ibn Tufail

A

wrote Hayy Ibn Yaqzan
- influenced John Lockes theory

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5
Q

Renee Descartes

A

mind and body are both independent and connected
- substances from blood flows to brain to produce thought and movement

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6
Q

John Locke

A

mind and body composed of the same substance

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7
Q

James Mill

A

mind is entirely physical - therefore follows laws

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8
Q

Helmholtz

A

demonstrated nerves take time to transmit
- tested on frogs

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9
Q

Wundt and Titchner

A

examined structures of the mind through introspection
- created structuralism

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10
Q

William James (intro psych)

A

focused on how mental and behavioural processes functioned
- created functionalism

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11
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

founder of psychoanalysis

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12
Q

John B Watson

A

discovered behaviourism

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13
Q

William James (consciousness)

A

consciousness is not chopped up, it flows

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14
Q

Freud (why do we dream)

A

wish fulfillment

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15
Q

Hobson & McCarly (why do we dream)

A

activation-synthesis model

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16
Q

Cartwright (why do we dream)

A

problem solving

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17
Q

Ian Pavlov

A

classical conditioning
- conditioned dogs with food and a whistle

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18
Q

Nisbett and Wilson

A

studied the halo effect

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19
Q

Broadbent and Treisman

A

attenuation theory
- theory of selective attention

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20
Q

Thorndike

A

measured the time it took cats to escape from puzzle boxes
- studied law of effect: behaviour followed by pleasant stimulus tends to be repeated

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21
Q

B F Skinner

A

introduced the term reinforcement
- consequence that increases the likelihood that behaviour will happen again

22
Q

Who was John Watson

A

focused on behaviours not mental processes
- learning as a passive response to external stimuli

23
Q

Kohler

A

studied learning in chimps
- they developed reward seeking behaviours when solving puzzles

24
Q

Edward Toleman

A

purposive behaviourism
- focuses on behaviour while considering the purpose or goal of the behaviour as well

25
Q

Albert Bandura

A

social learning theory
- observation and modelling play a key role in our behaviours

26
Q

Herman Ebbinghaus

A

studied memory, more specifically the forgetting curve and spacing effect

27
Q

Francis Galton

A

founded psychometrics

28
Q

Gardner

A

theory of multiple intelligences

29
Q

Binet and Simon

A

intelligence tests in children

30
Q

Charles Spearman

A

intelligence has two components; generalized and specific ability

31
Q

David Weschler

A

Weschler adult intelligence scale

32
Q

John Raven

A

test of matrices for intelligence
- used across all cultures and languages because no words are involved

33
Q

James and Lange

A

James-Lange theory
- physiological arousal comes before conscious experience

34
Q

Cannon and Bard

A

Cannon-Bard theory
- conscious experience happens at the same time as physiological arousal

35
Q

Schacter and Singer

A

initial physiological arousal is interpreted, leading to conscious experience

36
Q

Louis Thurstone

A

intelligence composed of several different factors

37
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Maslows hierarchy of needs
- physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, self esteem, and self actualization (in that order)

38
Q

Martin Seleigman

A

positive psychology

39
Q

Piaget

A

child learns through interactions with the world
- children are not little adults
- Piaget’s levels of intelligence*

40
Q

James Harlow

A

studied baby monkeys away from their mothers
- prefer terrycloth “mother”

41
Q

John Bowlby

A

orphans fail to thrive without emotional security provided by maternal care

42
Q

Harlow and Bowlby together

A

recognized the significance of the attachment system

43
Q

Erik Erikson

A

psychosocial development - comprised of overlapping stages that extend from infancy to old age

44
Q

Sigmund Freud (personality)

A

personality determined by unconscious drives, that shape how we interact with the world

45
Q

Kitty Genovese

A

murdered, and lots of people heard but nobody called for help
- significance of diffusion of responsibility

46
Q

Critics of Freuds theories

A

too much parental influence
he said children have no gender identity until age 6
sexist
untestable

47
Q

Darley and Latanee

A

smoke filled room study
- proved bystander effect (presence of others decreases the likelihood of helping behaviour)

48
Q

Solomon Asch

A

line judgement study
- people were asked to determine which line in a set of lines matched the desired line presented
- confederates of the researcher provided the clear wrong answer, influencing other participants to follow their lead and choose the wrong answer

49
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

wanted to understand atrocities of WWII
- studied obedience and social pressure related to the influence had on our actions

50
Q

Phillip Zimbardo

A

Stanford prison experiment
- studied situation and environmental influences on ones behaviour (the participants were found to lose mental sanity put into a confinement environment)

51
Q

Leon Festinger

A

cognitive dissonance and social comparison theory
- cognitive dissonance is when two opposing expectations or actions occur
- social comparison theory tells us we cannot judge ourselves and often rely on comparisons to others to evaluate our own actions

Psych 101 (17 decks)

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