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Psych 101 > Midterm 2 Content > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Content Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hypnosis defined by

A

procedure inducing a heightened state of suggestibility

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2
Q

Hypnosis is not how it is portrayed in film, instead it suggests __________, where the subject is _____ likely to comply with suggestions

A

changes, more

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3
Q

What are the three types of hypnotic suggestions

A

Ideomotor
Challenge
Cognitive-perceptual

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4
Q

What are ideomotor suggestions

A

related to specific actions that could be performed, like adopting a specific physical position

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5
Q

What are challenge suggestions

A

actions that are not to be performed, therefore the subject appears to lose ability to perform the action

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6
Q

What are cognitive-perceptual suggestions

A

remembering or forgetting specific information, or experiencing altered perceptions (like pain reduction)

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7
Q

What two components of the mind are impacted by hypnosis

A

automatic thoughts and behaviours (unconscious), and supervisory system

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8
Q

What is dissociation theory of hypnosis

A

consciousness is divided into two systems; lower level system and “executive” system

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9
Q

What is a good real life comparison for dissociation theory of hypnosis

A

driving
- originally it took every ounce of focus and consciousness when learning to drive, but with practice now it is possible to drive while focussing on other things

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10
Q

What is the result of the dissociation theory (think to driving and how less consciousness is required with experience)

A

individuals experience less input from executive system
- neuroimaging has found less activity in the anterior cingulate cortex in hypnotized subjects

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11
Q

What is social cognitive theory

A

explains the degree to which beliefs and expectations influence increased suggestibility

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12
Q

What is an example of cognitive theory

A

when being hypnotized, subjects are told whether they will or will not be susceptible to ideomotor suggestions, and what they are told actually influences the way they react to the suggestions once they are hypnotized

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13
Q

Is hypnosis used alone, or alongside other psychotherapies

A

usually alongside others

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14
Q

What is convictive hypnotherapy

A

cognitive-behavioural therapy combined with hypnosis
- used to treat depression, anxiety, eating disorders, IBS, and hot flashes in cancer patients

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15
Q

Has hypnosis been PROVEN to work 100%?

A

no, it has shown promising results when used in conjunction with other therapies, but is still not proven an effective treatment method

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16
Q

What is thought to be the most effective use of hypnosis

A

pain management, specifically acute pain

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17
Q

Does hypnosis improve memory

A

no

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18
Q

What is mind wandering

A

exactly what it seems - when you are physically present but the mind wanders so you are not mentally present

19
Q

Does mind wandering decrease reading comprehension

A

yes
- think about mind wandering during a lecture, your ability to recall information lowers because you are not retaining information as well

20
Q

What is the default mode network

A

a network of brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus, and medial and lateral regions of the parietal lobe that is active when an individual is awake but not responding to external stimuli

21
Q

When is the default mode network active

A

when a subject is paying attention to internal thoughts rather than an external stimuli

22
Q

What is the frontoparietal network

A

a network involving the frontal and parietal lobes also showed increased activity when mind wandering

23
Q

What is the frontoparietal network related to

A

goal seeking thoughts and planning

24
Q

When is mind wandering more likely to occur

A

if you are not dedicating mental focus to a task, you are more likely to dedicate that mental focus to mind wandering subconsciously

25
Q

Is mind wandering focused on the past present or future

A

future

26
Q

Is mind wandering focused on the past present or future

A

future

27
Q

What are the 6 levels of consciousness in order from not conscious to conscious

A

brain dead, coma, vegetative, minimally conscious, locked-in state, conscious

28
Q

What is minimally conscious state (MCS)

A

a minimal consciousness disorder where a subject presents ability to show behaviours reflecting at least SOME consciousness

29
Q

What is locked-in syndrome

A

when a person is alert and awake but appears unconscious due to the inability to move their body

30
Q

What movie brought locked-in syndrome to light

A

The diving bell and the butterfly

31
Q

What neurotransmitter do MOST drugs target

A

dopamine

32
Q

What two locations release dopamine

A

nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area

33
Q

What is latent learning

A

learning that does not initiate an immediate response, only when the subject is reinforced for doing so

34
Q

Who created the activation synthesis model

A

Hobson and McCarly

35
Q

Who created the halo effect

A

Nisbett & Wilson

36
Q

Who created the law of effect
- measured cats escaping from puzzle boxes

A

Thorndike

37
Q

Who founded the analysis of behaviour
- introduced the term reinforcement

A

B.F. Skinner

38
Q

Who founded classical behaviourism

A

John Watson

39
Q

Who discovered insight learning
- studied chimpanzees

A

Kohler

40
Q

Who worked with rats and mazes to study that behaviour is the result of stimulus-response patterns

A

Edward Tolman

41
Q

Who said observation and modelling play a key role in the way we learn

A

Albert Bandura

42
Q

Who discovered the rapid decline in memory retention over the course of a day

A

Hermann Ebbinghaus

43
Q

What is the sequence of the behaviourist model

A

stimulus to response

Psych 101 (17 decks)

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