WH: Labour Flashcards
When does labour and delivery usually occur?
between 37 - 42 weeks
how many stages does labour have?
3 stages
When does first stage of labour start and end?
starts from onset of labour (true contractions) until 10 cm cervical dilation
How many phases are there in the first stage of labour? what are they called ?
3 phases to first stage of labour
- Latent
- Active
- Transition
describe latent phase of labour? how many cm cervical dilation? rate of cervical dilation? describe the contraction?
Latent phase (Phase 1 of stage 1)
- 0 - 3cm cervical dilation
- 0.5cm/hr
- irregular contractions
describe active phase of labour? how many cm cervical dilation? rate of cervical dilation? describe the contraction?
Active phase (phase 2 of stage 1)
- 3 - 7 cm cervical dilation
- 1cm/hr
- regular contractions
describe the transition phase of labour? how many cm cervical dilation? rate of cervical dilation? describe the contraction?
Transition phase (phase 3 of stage 1)
- 7-10cm cervical dilation
- 1cm/hr
- strong and regular contractions
what 2 things happen to the cervic during the first stage of labour?
- Dilatation (opening up/widening)
- Effacement (thinning out)
What are the 2 layers to the fetal membranes ? how do they change before labour?
chorion + amnion
- They become weaker Ian prep for labour
What is the show? what does it usually do? why does it come out?
mucus plug preventing bacteria entrance falls out
- creates space for baby
What are Braxton-hicks contractions ? when do they occur?
not true contraction in 2nd/3rd trimester
- not labour (they do not progress)
What marks the beginning and end of the second stage of labour?
from 10cm cervical dilatation until delivery of baby
What does success of the second stage of labour depend on?
3 (4) Ps
- Power
- Passenger
- Passage
- (Psyche)
What does power refer to in terms of the second stage of labour?
strength of uterine contractions
What does passenger refer to in terms of the second stage of labour?
the fetus
- Size
- Attitude (posture)
- Lie
- Presentation
what does passage refer to in terms of the second stage of labour?
size and shape of the passageway (mainly pelvis)
what marks the beginning and end of the third stage of labour?
from delivery of baby until delivery of placenta
When should you consider active management of the third stage of labour? (2)
- haemorrhage
- more than 60 min delay in placenta delivery
What drug is often sued in active management of third stage of labour? how does it work?
IM oxytocin helps uterus contract + expel placenta
Name some signs of labour
- Show (mucus plug)
- SROM (all at once or trickle)
- cervical dilatation 10 cm
- Regular painful contractions
what is failure to progress in labour? leads to?
labour not delivering at a satisfactory rate => increase risk to mother + fetus
what is used to measure progress during first stage of labour?
monitored for progress using a partogram
what can be used to help progress the second stage of labour? (6)
- Changing positions
- Encouragement
- Analgesia
- Oxytocin
- Instrumental delivery
- CS
What are the 8 key fetal stages to a vaginal birth?
- Descent
- Engagement
- Neck flexion
- Internal rotation
- Crowning
- Extension of the presenting part
- Restitution + external rotation
- Delivery of shoulders + body