Public Health Flashcards
What is Public Health ?
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and improving health through organised efforts of society
What is Equity ?
Giving people what they need to achieve equal outcomes
What is equality ?
giving everyone the same rights, opportunities and resources
what is horizontal equity ?
equal treatment for people with equal health care needs
(e.g. same treatment used for penuomina in different patients in same severity)
what is vertical equity ?
Unequal treatment for unequal health care needs
(Different treatments used in less severe vs. more severe pneumonias)
what is the inverse care law ?
availability of health care tends to vary inversely with its need
What acronym can be used for determinants of health ? what are these ?
PROGRESS
- Place of residence
- Race
- Occupation
- Gender
- Religion
- Education
- Socio-economic
- Social capital
What are the 3 domains of public health practice ? expalin bit
- Health improvement (preventing disease, promoting health)
- Health protection (control infectious disease)
- Improving services (safe and high quality services)
What 2 systems can be used to assess quality of healthcare ?
- maxwells dimensions of the quality of healthcare
- structure, process, outcome
What 3 factors contribute to a health needs assessment ?
- Need (ability to benefit for an intervention)
- Demand (what people ask for)
- Supply (what is provided)
What is an epidemiological perspective of health needs assessment ?
looks at size of pop, services available
What is a comparative perspective of health needs assessment ?
compares services/outcomes received by a population with others (could compare different areas or patients or ages)
What is a corporate perspective of health needs assessment ?
ask local population what their health needs are (use focus groups, interviews)
What is an egalitarian medical mindset ? pros ? cons?
Provide all care that is necessary and required for everyone
- Pros: equal
- Cons: too expensive
What is an Maximising medical mindset ? pros ? cons?
act is evaluated solely in terms of its consequences
- pros: resources allocated to those who are most likely to benefit form it
- Cons: those who don’t make the cut receive nothing
What is an Libertarian medical mindset ? pros ? cons?
Each is responsible for their own health
- Pros: promotes positive engagment
- Cons: most diseases are not self inflicted
What is primary prevention ? example
preventing the disease form occurring in the first place
(vaccine)
what is secondary prevention ? example
early identification of th eidsease to alter disease course
(screening)
what is tertiary prevention ? example
limit consequences of established disease
(prevent worsening renal function in CKD)
Disadvantages of screening ? (3)
- exposure of well individuals to distressing diagnostic tests
- Detection and treatment of sub-clinical disease that wouldn’t have caused a problem
- preventive interventions that may cause harm to individual
What are the 5 young people and adult screening programmes ?
- AAA screening
- Bowel cancer screening
- Breast cancer screening
- Cervical screening
- Diabetic eye screening
What criteria used to determine to screen something ? describe this criteria
Wilson and Junger Criteria (INASEP - In Exam Season NAP)
- Important disease
- Natural history of disease understood (eg known disease marker)
- Acceptable to public (not too invasive)
- Simple, safe precise test
- Effective treatment (early outcome has better outcomes)
- policy agreed on who to treat
What is sensitivity ?
proportion of those with disease who are correctly identified
what is specificity ?
proportion of people without disease who are correctly excluded by screening test