Week 9-GI Tract Flashcards
Name the 3 parts of the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ilium
(From superior to inferior)
List layers of the GIT (from deep to superficial)
- Mucosa (epithelium, MALT, lamina propria, smooth muscle)
- Submucosa (Areolar and connective tissue, blood and lymphatic tissue, neurons)
- Muscular layer (skeletal and smooth muscle, myenteric nerve plexus)
- Serosa layer (areolar and simple squamous epithelium, visceral peritoneum)
What is the peritoneum
Membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities, covering abdominal organs
Supports organs
Facilitates their vascular and lymphatic supply
What nerve stimulates the main component of the GIT
Vagus nerve (wandering nerve)
Interic nervous system
What is ectopia
Abnormal position/displacement of an organ, tissue or structure.
Can occur from: congenital defects (feral growth), trauma, disease, surgery
This can occur:
Ectopia Cordis - heart is located partially/entirely outside the thoracic cavity. Congenital birth defect. 10% survival as heart failure, infections, respiratory compromise
Ectopic pregnancy: fertilised egg planted outside uterine cavity, mc in fallopians tube
Renal ectopia: kidney. Foetal growth
Diagnosis and treatment: x-rays, ultrasound, CT, MRI
Treatment: management, surgical correction or removal of ectopic tissue
Function of GIT
- Ingestion
2.propulsion (moving food through digestive tract via swallowing and peristalsis(wave-like contractions))
3.mechanical digestion, churning stomach, chewing, segmentation in SI
4.Chemical breakdown
5.absorption (nutrients from digestive tract to blood stream or lymph system SI, LI does water
6.Excretion (faeces rectum and anus)
What is atersia
What is fistulae
congenital absences or closure of a normal body opening
MC occurs at near tracheal
Usually associated with a fistula connecting upper and lower oesophageal segments to a bronchus or trachea
Achelesia- can’t keep food down
Leads to blockages or lack of function
Fistulae is permanent abnormal passageway between2 organs in body or between an organ and exterior of the body
MC in new borns. Males>F
What is diaphragmatic hernia
Incomplete formation of diaphragm allows abdominal viscera to herniate into thoracic cavity
MC left
Can lead to fatal pulmonary hypoplasia
Surgery generally successful
Can be in people too
What is pyloric stenosis
Passage between stomach and duodenum becomes narrower
Congenital/ acquired
M>F
Projectile vomiting, frequent demands for re feeding
1-2cm abdominal mass
Surgery
What is hirschsprung disease
Function obstruction of the colon
S&S failure to pass meconium (black poo)
Obstruction, constipation
Abdominal distension
Vomiting
Affecting ganglion Cells
What is meckel diverticulum
Small bulge on SI, congenital
Can secrete stomach acid, bleeding ulcers of the stomach
When inspecting the mouth, what are we looojing for
-Teeth-gum disease which can effect the heart
-Maligant tumours on the tongue (raised edges, Ulster, hard)
-Pre-malignant lesions
-Oral white patches
-Mercury fillings
What would we be inspecting thr tongue for
Glossitis: red, smooth, sore tongue. B12, iron, folate, acid deficiency
Geographic tongue; Idiopathic
Fissured tongue: bending. Can be associated with psoriasis, Down syndrome
Black hairy tongue: smoking,bad oral hygiene, drugs
Ankyloglossia: tongue tie. Can affect feeding and speech
What is achalasia
Triad
1.incomplete lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation
2.increased lower oesophageal sphincter tone
3.aperistalsis (can’t contract and propel food/liquid to GI) of oesophagus
What is oesophagitis (lacerations)
Longitudinal mucosa tears
MC vomiting and retching
Haematemesis , chest pain, shock
