Week 3- Lymphatic System Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the lymphatic system?
A) Transport of oxygenated blood to tissues
B) Immune surveillance and defence
C) Maintenance of fluid balance in tissues
D) Absorption of fats from the digestive tra
Transport of oxygenated blood to tissues
List primary functions of lymphatic system
Maintaining fluid balance
Absorption of dietary fats
Immune function
Removal of cellular waste
Transport of WBC
Where is lymph initially formed?
Interstitial fluid spaces
What structure is responsible for filtering lymph and trapping patching ends
Lymph nodes
What is the arrest lymphatic vessel in the body
Thoracic duct
Starts in abdomen and extends to chest and neck
Function of thoracic duct
Begining in abdomen, it extends upward through chest to the neck.
It drains lymp0h from the lower half of the body (both legs and abdomen) left side of chest, left arm and left side of head and neck and empties into the subclavian vain.
What is the most common cause of lymphoedema
Blockage of lymphatic vessels
Explain how the lymphatic system contrinbutes to immune function
Transporting and filtering lymph fluid. The lymph nodes trap pathogens and foreign particles preventing them from spreading through the body. In the lymph nodes immune cells recognise these invaders and start an immune response
Lymph nodes house lymphocytes and macrophages. Once an immune cell is activated an immune respionse occurs leading to increased immune activity
Lymphoid organs like bone marrow (produces immature lymphocytes) thymus (t-cell mature and enter blood stream for immune certain acne) and spleen (filter blood) are crucial.
Immune surveillance
Absorption and transport of antyiugens
Tissue drainage and infection control
Function of T cells, b cell and macrophages
T cells are involved in identifying and destroying infected or abnormal cells.
B cells produce antibodies that target specific pathogens.
Macrophages engulf and digest pathogens, debris, and dead cells via a process called phagocytosis.
Describe the pathophysiology of lymphoedema and how it impacts normal lymphatic function
Lymphoedema is accumulatin of lymphatic fluid in tissues due to impaired lymphatic draining. Resulting in chronic swelling.
Normally, lymph system collects excess interstitial fluid and proteins from tissues, filtering through lymph nodes and returning to blood stream.
This condition there is a failure in drainage preventing return of the fluid to the circulatory system.
This leads to an accumulation of fluid. Interstitial fluid increases pressure and tissue swelling edema.
The lymphatic system normally returns proteins to the circulation, but in lymphedema, these proteins also accumulate in the tissues, further exacerbating fluid retention and attracting more fluid into the tissue spaces through osmotic forces.
The protein rich lymph in tissues triggers an inflammatory repointed
What is the significance of the thoracic duct in the lymphatic system
Drains lymph into the blood stream
Where are excillary lymph nodes located
Arm pits
List primary lymphoid organs
Thymus gland
Bone marrow
Where do T cells and b cells mature
T- thymus
B- bone marrow
List secondary lymphoid organs
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
spleen
MALT/GALT/SALT
What does MALT/GALT/SALT stand for
Skin associated lymphoid tissue
Gastro associated lymphoid tissue
Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
Function of the thymus
• Production of T Lymphocytes
• receives immunologically incompetent stem cells from bone marrow
• In the thymus these cells divide and mature into T-
lymphocytes
• Functions at peaks levels only during childhood
• Secretes hormone thymosin which support the
activity of T-lymphocytes throughout the body
Removal of the thymus
results in decreased T-
cell production
increasing susceptibility
to infection
Functions of the tonsils
• Small masses of
lymphoid tissue around
the pharynx
• Trap and remove bacteria
and other foreign
materials
• Tonsillitis is caused by
congestion with bacteria
What is peyers patches
Tonsils of the intestine
Found in wall of s intesntine
Capture and destroy bacteria in the intestine