Week 7- Respiratory Flashcards
What is a pulmonary embolism and infarction
Occlusion (blockages ) of pulmonary arterie/s by a blood clot
Blood clots from DVT or severe burns, traumas, fractures
Caused by= deep vein thrombosis (blood clots travels doe another part of the body) preventing o2 from reaching lung tissue, lung damage, decreased o2 levels in blood.
=hypercoagubility (thrombophillia), vascular damage, circulatory stasis
Risk factors= over 60, smoking, immobility, bed rest
Signs and symptoms=chest pain, cough, fainting, fever, tachycardia/ tachypnea, dyspnea (shortness of breath)
List pulmonary circulation
To lungs (deox)
Vena cava
RA
Tricuspid
RV
Pulmonary artery
Back to heart (oxygenated)
Pulomaonry vein
LA
Bicuspid
LV
Aorta
What is pulmonary hypertension
Abnormal elevation in pulmonary artery pressure
Women 20-40
Idiopathic
Caused by thickening of walls by vessels. Leads to build up of blood due to restriction of blood flow. Right side works harder to pump blood to the lungs which can weaken heart and lead to R heart disease
Symptoms= fatigue, ;ethargy, cough, sweating, chest pain, hoarse throat,
Signs= odema, rapid weight gain, systolic ejection murmur , cyanosis (blue skin)
List pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome
Goospasture syndrome
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
Vasculistis- associated haemorrhage
Caused by circulating auto-antibodies against basement membranes in lungs and kidneys. Inflammatory destruction of basement membrane of glomerulus and alveoli
What is peneumonia
Mc lung infection, infec of alveoli
Inflames alveoli in one or both lungs causing them to fill with fluid or pus.
Difficult for o2 to enter bloodstream and results in symptoms. Caused by bacteria, virus, fungi
Cough, sweating, shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, confusion
Infants and young children
65+
Individuals with chronic disease as immune system is compromised, COPD, asthma, heart disease
Smokers
Weakened immune system, HIV, chemo
Diagnosed via physical exam, lab dub, chest-X-ray, blood test (pathogen)
Viral pneumonia, elderly
Bacterial pneumonia - young, elderly
Fungal
What is a lung abscess
Bacterial/viral/fungal infections cause Pus containing lesion of the lung tissue that formes a cavity
Liquefactive necrosis of lung tissue causing microbial infection
Reduce lung function gas exchange
Mc aspiration of material from GI tract to lungs
Risk factors= alcoholism, seizure sidorde, neuromuscular disorder, drug overdose, stroke, general aesthesia, TB, septic embolism , fungal or virus disease of lung
3 stages
What is pleura effusion
Abnormal amount of fluid in the pleura space
Increase in pressure causing elastic recoil of the lung
What is penumothorax
Air or gas in pleural cavities is mc and associated with emphysema, asthma and tB
Smoking cause increase
Reduced anterior oxygen tension in addition to reduced vital capacity
Thoracic pain
Ispilaterl
Dry cough
Absent breath sounds on affected side
Synapsids
Tachycardia/tachoponae
Deviated trachea
What is a bleb
Air filed spaces between lung parenchyma and visceral plaura
What is Bullae
Air filled spaces within lung parenchyma
What is lung pleura
Double layered membrane surrounding each lung, protecting lungs
Viscera = inner layer
Parietal pleura= outer layer
Between is small fluid filled space which actors a are a lubricant and creates surface tenion
Pleuritic is inflammation
Effusion is accumulation of excess fluid
Pneumothorax is collapsed lung due to air in cavity
Locations of pulmonary odema, pleura effusion, phneumothorax
Odem= fluid lung tissue
Effusion and thorax is in between pleura air/ fluid
