Week 5-cardiac Flashcards
What is stenosis and what does stenosis lead to
Failure of valve fully opened g, obstructing forward flow
Leads to pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure
What is regurgitation and what does it lead to
Failure of a valve to close completely, allowing regurgitation back flow of blood
Leads to volume overload and heart failure
What are the most common valve issues
Aortic stenosis- calcification of aortic valve
Aortic insufficiency- dilation of ascending aorta
Mitral stenosis- rheumatic heart disease
Mitral insufficiency- LV dilation
Murmurs and thrills present
Heart valve disease signs and symptoms
Fluttering chest sensation
Chest pain (angina)
Short of breath
Fatigue or weakness
Tired
Malar flush (red cheeks)
Rapid weight
Lightheadedness
Coughing
Swollen ankles
Abdominal boating
Rapid weight gain
What is rheumatic fever
An acute inflammation mediated disease
Starts with a throat infection that isn’t treated and travels to the heart
May progress to chronic rheumatic heart disease : deforming fibrotic valvular disease
Erythema marginatum (skin rash)
Sydenham chorea (flexed extremities)
What is pancarditis
When endocardium, myocardium and pyocardium are all inflamed
What is infective endocarditis
Area of infection of the aortic valve caused by bacterial endocarditis
Fever
Night sweats
Bone and muscle pain
Oslers nodes
Splinter haemorrhages
Positive blood culture
Low grade fever
What is systolic failure
Ability of hearts contraction is compared
What is dilated cardiomyopathy
Disease where left ventricle becomes enlarged and weakened
Leads to impaired contraction therefore systolic failure
Caused by genetic factors, infections, toxins, autoimmune and isopathic
Shortness of breath, fatigue and weakness, odema from legs down, fainting, murmurs, consistent cough, irregular hb and chest pain
REDUCED CO
LEADS TO R SIDED HF
What is myocarditis
Inflammation of myocardium
Can cause shock and sudden death
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart that impairs diastolic filling and stretch
Diastolic system unaffected
Aetiology known
Fatigue, exercise intolerance, abdominal swelling, uneven pulse, chest pain, breathing issues, cough
REDUCED CP
Blood back up to R side leading to failure
HR increase
Vasoconstriction
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart that impairs diastolic filling and stretch
Diastolic system unaffected
Aetiology known
Fatigue, exercise intolerance, abdominal swelling, uneven pulse, chest pain, breathing issues, cough
REDUCED CP
Blood back up to R side leading to failure
HR increase
Vasoconstriction
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Asymmetric LV hypertrophy without ventrical dilation leading to abnormal diastole filling and outflow obstruction
Men between 30-40
In young athletes
Unknown cause
Fatigue]
Angina- tightness in the heart
Murmurs
Decreased CO
Systolic and diastolic failure
CO decrease]]]
What is pericardial disease
Pericardium sac that surrounds the heart
Acute (produced by non-infectious inflammatory disease)
chronic (plaque like fibrous thickening of the membrane that affects the cardiac function
pericardial effusion (rapidly increasing fluid)and
cardiac tampondae (fluid fills so ventricles can’t expand)
Diastole definition
Relaxation and expansion of the hearts chambers and ventricles after contraction