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Applied Anatomy > Week 8 - the lower leg > Flashcards

Week 8 - the lower leg Flashcards

1
Q

Joints of the tibia and fibular and classifications of each joint

A

Proximal tibiofibular joint (synovial) and distal/inferior tibiofibular joint (syndesmosis/fibrous)

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2
Q

What structure lies between the tibia and fibular?

A

Interosseous membrane

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3
Q

What type of movements occur at the tibiofibular joints?

A

Gliding movements

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4
Q

How many tarsals, metatarsals and phallanges of the foot? Name the tarsals.

A

7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiform (medial, middle, lateral)

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5
Q

Metatarsal head are proximal or distal?

A

Distal, base is more proximal

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6
Q

What bone does the distal tibia and fibula articulate with?

A

Talus

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7
Q

What is the heel bone of the foot?

A

Calcaneus, inferior to the Talus

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8
Q

Third bone that articulates with the Talus and Calcaneus on the medial side?

A

Navicular

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9
Q

Bone lateral to Navicular

A

Cuboid

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10
Q

3 bones anterior to the Navicular and medial to cuboid

A

3 Cuneiforms

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11
Q

3 bones anterior to the Navicular and medial to cuboid

A

3 Cuneiforms

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12
Q

How many phallenges does the Hallux have?

A

2, the other toes have 3

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13
Q

What muscles does the tibial nerve innovate?

A

Posterior leg

Knee flexors, plantarflexors and toe flexors

Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Popliteus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallicis longus

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14
Q

What muscles does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?

A

Lateral leg

Ankle everters & weak plantarflexors

Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

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15
Q

What does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

A

Anterior leg

Toe extensors, ankle dorsiflexors and inverters

Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum longus, Fibularis tertius

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16
Q

Gastrocnemius

Proximal & distal attachments

Action & nerve innveration

A

Proximal:
Lateral head: lateral condyle of femur
Medial head: posterior surface of
femur, superior to medial condyle

Distal: calcaneal tendon – posterior
surface of calcaneus

Action: knee flexion and ankle
plantarflexion

NS: tibial nerve

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17
Q

Soleus

Proximal and distal attachments

action and nerve innervation

A

Attachments:
P: posterior aspect of head of
fibula, soleal line, and middle
1/3 of medial border of tibia
D: calcaneal tendon – posterior
surface of calcaneus

Action: ankle plantarflexion

NS: tibial nerve

18
Q

Plantaris

Action & N. innervation

A

Action: weak plantarflexor

NS: tibial nerve

19
Q

What is the achilles tendon called to anatomists?

A

Calcaneal tendon

20
Q

Popliteus

P. & D. Attachments

Action & N. innervation

A

Attachments:
P: lateral condyle of femur
D: posterior surface of tibia,
superior to soleal line

Action: “unlocks knee”

NS: tibial nerve

21
Q

Tibialis posterior

P. & D. Attachments

Action & NS

A

Attachments:
P: interosseous membrane (IOM),
posterior surface of tibia and fibula
D: tuberosity of navicular and across
the plantar surface of the foot
(cuneiform, cuboid, calcaneum) to the
base of 2nd-4th metatarsals

Action: ankle plantarflexion and
inversion

NS: tibial nerve

22
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

P. & D. Attachments

Action & NS

A

Attachments:
P: medial posterior surface of tibia
D: plantar surface of distal phalanges
of lateral 4 digits

Action: flexion of lateral 4 toes and
ankle plantarflexion

NS: tibial nerve

23
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

P. & D. Attachments

Action & NS

A

Attachments:
P: posterior surface of fibula and
inferior IOM
D: plantar surface distal phalanx of
hallux (big toe)

Action: flexion of hallux, weak
ankle plantarflexion

NS: tibial nerve

24
Q

Lateral muscles of lower leg and actions of the foot?

A

Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

Everters of the foot

25
Q

Fibularis Longus

P. & D. attachments

Action & NS

A

Attachments:
P: head and superior 2/3 of lateral
surface of fibula
D: plantar surface of base of 1st
metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Action: ankle eversion and
plantarflexion

NS: superficial fibular nerve

26
Q

Fibularis Brevis

P. & D. Attachments

Action & NS

A

Attachments:
P: inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of
fibula
D: lateral surface of base of 5th
metatarsal

Action: ankle eversion and
plantarflexion

NS: superficial fibular nerve

27
Q

Which muscle has the greater capacity to exert everter force? and why?

A

Fibularis longus

It has a longer MA meaning it can generate more force at the joint

28
Q

Sprained ankle is when the ankle is taken into hyper inversion. What muscle helps to protect against that?

A

Fibularis Longus

29
Q

Anterior muscles of the lower leg and action

A

Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor hallucis longus, Fibularis tertius

Dorsiflexors

30
Q

Tibialis anterior

P. & D. Attachments

Action & NS

A

Attachments:
P: lateral condyle and superior half
of lateral surface of tibia and
interosseous membrane (IOM)
D: medial and plantar surface of
medial cuneiform and base of 1st
metatarsal

Action: ankle dorsiflexion and
inversion

NS: deep fibular nerve

31
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

P. & D. Attachments

Action & NS

A

Attachments:
P: middle part of anterior surface of
fibula and IOM
D: dorsum of distal phalanx of hallux

Action: ankle dorsiflexion and hallux
extension

NS: deep fibular nerve

32
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

P. & D. Attachments

Action & NS

A

Attachments:
P: lateral condyle of tibia, superior
surface of fibula and IOM
D: dorsum of middle and distal
phalanges 2-5

Action: ankle dorsiflexion and extension
of digits 2-5

NS: deep fibular nerve

33
Q

Fibularis Tertius

P. & D. Attachments

Action & NS

A

Attachments:
P: inferior anterior surface of fibula
and IOM
D: dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

Action: ankle dorsiflexion and
eversion

NS: deep fibular nerve

34
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum?

A

Fibrous, thickened band that holds the extensor tendons at the dorsum of the ankle and wrist.

It has a superior and inferior band and acts as a pulley system

35
Q

Tibial nerve course

A
  • Passes anterior to the arch of soleus with the
    popliteal artery and descends into the leg
  • Descends with the posterior tibial vessels to
    lie between the calcaneus and medial
    malleolus overlapped by Flexor Hallucis
    Longus (FHL)
  • Beneath the flexor retinaculum
  • Divides into the medial and lateral plantar
    nerves
36
Q

Tibial nerve distribution - muscular branches supply

A

– Gastrocnemius
– plantaris
– popliteus
– soleus
– tibialis posterior
– flexor digitorum longus
– flexor hallucis longus

37
Q

Tibial nerve distribution - sensory (cutaneous) branches

A

– sural nerve
– medial calcaneal nerve

38
Q

Common fibular nerve course

A
  • Passes into the anterolateral
    compartment of the leg
    – over gastrocnemius
    – by curving lateral to the fibular
    neck,
    – deep to fibularis longus, and
    – dividing into a deep and superficial
    branch
  • Supplies lateral knee joint
39
Q

Superficial fibular nerve distribution - muscles

A

– fibularis longus
– fibularis brevis

40
Q

Deep fibular nerve distribution - muscles

A

− tibialis anterior
− extensor digitorum longus
− extensor hallucis longus
− fibularis tertius

41
Q

Deep fibular nerve also innervates which joint?

A

Proximal tibiofibular joint

Applied Anatomy (33 decks)

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