Skeletal system - Week 1

Question 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 1

Spine, ribcage, cranium

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

Upper limbs, lower limbs

Question 3

5 bone categorisations

Answer 3

Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

Question 4

Explain what an articular surface is made of an its function

Answer 4

formed by specialized hyaline cartilage, which provides a wear-resistant, low-friction lubricated surface that is compressible and elastic and accommodates enormous forces of compression and shear during weight bearing and muscle action

Question 5

3 types of articular surfaces

Answer 5

1. Facets/fovea
2. Condyles
3. Trochlea

Question 6

Depression surfaces (4)

Answer 6

Fossa, sulcus/sulci, canals, apertures

Question 7

Elevations surfaces (13)

Answer 7

Process, spine, tubercle, tuberosity, throchanter, crest, line, epicondyle, protuberance, prominence, eminence, head, base

Question 8

Bones of the adult skeleton provide (5)

Answer 8

Support for the body, protection for vital structures, mechanical basis for movement, storage for salts (calcium), produces red blood cells

Question 9

Long bone

Answer 9

Tubular weight bearing bones i.e. femur, humerus

Question 10

Short bone

Answer 10

Cuboidal and are only found in the tarsus and carpus

Question 11

Flat bone

Answer 11

Usually serve protective functions e.g. cranium

Question 12

Irregular bone

Answer 12

Have various shapes other than flat or short i.e. bones of the face

Question 13

Sesamoid bone

Answer 13

Develop in certain tendons and are found where tendons cross the ends of long bones i.e. patella

Question 14

Condyle

Answer 14

Rounded, knuckle-like articular area, often occurring in pairs e.g. the lateral and medial femoral condyles

Question 15

Trochlea

Answer 15

Spool-like articular process or process that acts as a pulley e.g. trochlea of the humerus

Question 16

Facet

Answer 16

Smooth flat area, usually covered with cartilage, where a bone articulates with another bone e.g. superior costal facet on the body of a vertebra for articulation with a rib

Question 17

Fossa

Answer 17

Hollow or depressed area e.g. infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Question 18

Sulcus

Answer 18

Is a depression or groove e.g. grooves in the cerebral cortex

Question 19

Canal

Answer 19

A tubular passage or channel which connects different regions of the body e.g. cranial canal

Question 20

Aperture

Answer 20

An opening e.g. superior thoracic aperture (think of a camera lense)

Question 21

Process

Answer 21

Protrudes from a bone and serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments e.g. spinous process

Question 22

Spine

Answer 22

Thorn-like process e.g. the spine of the scapula

Question 23

Tubercle

Answer 23

Small raised eminence e.g. greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 24

Tuberosity

Answer 24

Large rounded elevation e.g. ischial tuberosity

Question 25

Trochanter

Answer 25

Large blunt elevation e.g. greater trochanter of the femur

Question 26

Crest

Answer 26

Ridge of bone e.g. the iliac crest

Question 27

Line

Answer 27

Linear elevation e.g. soleal line of the tibia

Question 28

Epicondyle

Answer 28

Eminence superior or adjacent to a condyle e.g. lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 29

Protuberance

Answer 29

Projection of bone e.g. external occipital protuberance

Question 30

Prominence

Answer 30

A projection above the surface

Question 31

Eminence

Answer 31

Rounded elevation e.g. frontal eminence at the front of the skull

Question 32

Head

Answer 32

Superior part of a bone

Question 33

Base

Answer 33

Inferior part of a bone