Arthrology & joint movement - Week 2 Flashcards
3 main types of joints
Fibrous, Cartilaginous Synovial
Fibrous joints with example
Linked by fibrous tissue, limited movement
Coronal suture in cranium
Cartilaginous joints with example
Linked by fibrocartilage, shock absorption, some movement
Intervertebral disc
What is a synovial joint and explain it’s function with an example of one
Joint capsule, synovial membrane/fluid, allows movement
Knee joint
Types of movement at a synovial joint (3)
Spin, roll and glide
Types of synovial joints (6) with examples
Pivot, Plane, Hinge, Saddle, Condyloid, Ball and socket
Plane joint
Movement and how many axes
Uniaxial, gliding or sliding movements
Acromioclavicular joint
Hinge joint
Movement and how many axes
Uniaxial, flexion and extension ONLY
Elbow joint
Saddle joint
Movement and how many axes
Biaxial, flexion/extension, adduction/abduction
Carpometacarpal joint (thumb)
Condyloid joint
Movement and how many axes
Biaxial, flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction.
Metacarpophalangeal joint (digits)
Ball and socket joint
Movement and how many axes
Multiaxial, flexion/extension, adduction, abduction, int/ext rotation
Hip joint
Pivot joint
Movement and how many axes
Uniaxial, rotation
Atlanto-axial joint (neck/head)
All synovial joints have (3)
Joint cavity, Articular cartilage, Articular capsule
What consists in the joint cavity in synovial joints
Synovial fluid
What type of cartilage is in synovial joints and where does it get its nutrients
Hyaline cartilage which gains its nutrients from synovial fluid
What are the two layers of an articular capsule
Outer fibrous layer or membrane and inner synovial layer or membrane
Meniscus
Cartilaginous pad in some synovial joints (weight bearing)
Labrum
Cartilaginous ring around the joint, usually ball and socket joint
Anatomical position ROM degrees
0 degrees
Degrees of freedom
Uniaxial (1 plane = 1 degree of freedom)
Biaxial (2 planes = 2 degrees of freedom)
Multiaxial (motion in all planes = 3 degrees of freedom)
What is a joint?
A joint is an area where to structures meet. There is an articular surface which permits movement between the two structures. Depending on the shape of the joint, determines the amount of movement.
Why is it important to learn the shape of a joint?
To determine how a joint can move and the limitations of that joint.
Why is it important to learn the classification of a joint?
To determine the movement of that joint.
What type of joint is the femoroacetabular joint?
Synovial
What components in a synovial joint promote range of motion?
Synovial fluid, shape of the joint, shapes of articular surfaces
What component in a synovial joint limits range of motion?
Ligaments (e.g. MCL and LCL of knee to prevent adduction and abduction), capsule, shape of the joint
