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Neurobehavior > Week 8 pt. 1 > Flashcards

Week 8 pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

a mass of cells whose growth is uncontrolled and that serves no useful function.

A

Tumors

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2
Q

2 types of tumors

A

cancerous vs. benign

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3
Q

How do we know if a tumor is benign?

A

it will be encapsulated

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4
Q

Tumors damage brain tissue by: (2)
Which kind of tumor does what?

A
  • Compression
  • Infiltration
  • Malignant can compress and infiltrate
  • Benign tend to only compress
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5
Q

2 kinds of brain tumors

A

primary and secondary

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6
Q

primary brain tumor starts in the

A

CNS

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7
Q

secondary brain tumors develop when cancer does what?

A

Metastasize to brain

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8
Q

most common cancer to Metastasize

A

Lung & breast cancer

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9
Q

Grade 1 of CNS tumor (2)

A
  • low proliferative potential
  • can be cured with surgical resection (sometimes)
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10
Q

grade 4 CNS tumor

A
  • history of malignancy
  • Mitotically active
  • prone to necrosis
  • pre/post-op disease progression (i.e., fatal)
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11
Q

MOST common primary brain tumor type (33%)

A

Gliomas

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12
Q

tumor of the astrocytes

A

Astrocytoma

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13
Q

tumor of the meninges, usually benign and slow growing

A

Meningioma

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14
Q

Name of a grade 4 Astrocytoma

A

Glioblastoma Multiforme
* Most aggressive tumor form
*Average survival rate from diagnosis approx. 2years
* Higher Incidence in white individuals

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15
Q

main 3 treatments for tumors:

A
  • surgical resection
  • radiation
  • Chemotherapy
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16
Q

a period of sudden, excessive activity of cerebral neurons.

A

Seizure

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17
Q

Dx of of recurrent seizures

A

epilepsy

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18
Q

3 types of general seizure

A
  • tonic-clonic
  • absense
  • atonic
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19
Q

What seizure causes NO major change in consciousness?

A

simple partial

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20
Q

What type of seizure causes a loss in consciousness?

A

complex partial

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21
Q

Focal vs general seizure

A

specific part of the brain affected vs. both sides/areas of the brain affected

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22
Q

Most severe form of seizure

A

Tonic-Clonic/Grand Mal Seizures

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23
Q

tonic vs clonic phase

A

stiffening of muscles vs. jerking or twitching

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24
Q

What type of seizure includes convulsions

A

Tonic-Clonic/Grand Mal Seizures

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25
Q

Sudden lapse in consciousness

A

Absence “Petit Mal” Seizures

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26
Q

Absence “Petit Mal” Seizures usually last how long?

A

Last less than 15 seconds

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27
Q

“drop seizures”

A

Atonic Seizures

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28
Q

Symptoms of a absence seizure: (4)

A
  • Staring blankly into space
  • Eyelid fluttering
  • Lip smacking
  • Involuntary hand movements
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29
Q

Sudden loss of muscle control (collapse or fall) occurs during what type of seizure?

A

Atonic seizure

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30
Q

__% of those with seizure d/o show damage to the hippocampus

A

50%

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31
Q

Challenges post seizure: (6)

A
  • damage to the hippocampus
  • Falling
  • Drowning
  • Car accidents – unable to drive for 1 year post seizure event
  • Pregnancy complications
  • Emotional health issues with epilepsy
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32
Q

Most common emotional health issues with epilepsy: (3)

A

ADHD, anxiety, and aggression

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33
Q

Epilepsy increases risk of schizophrenia by how much?

A

2.5x

34
Q

__-__% experience postictal psychosis

A

6-10%

35
Q

occur when prion protein, found throughout the body, begins folding into an abnormal three-dimensional shape.

A

Prion Diseases

36
Q

Most common prion disease:

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
“Mad Cow Disease”

37
Q

Seizure First Aid:

A

Stay - with the person
Safe - keep them
Side - turn person on the side

38
Q

Disease cause from eating contaminated human brain tissue

A

Kuru Disease

39
Q

Causes severe mental deterioration and dementia – 8 month avg

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
“Mad Cow Disease”

40
Q

Kuru Disease takes __-__ years to incubate

A

10-50

41
Q

Kuru Disease translates into what?

A

“trembling” aka laughing sickness

42
Q

Caused by the degeneration of dopamine-secreting neurons in the substantia nigra that send axon to the basal ganglia = a deficiency of automatic, habitual motor responses.

A

Parkinson’s Disease

43
Q

__% of cases of Parkinson’s are sporadic

A

95%

44
Q

symptoms of Parkinson’s (5)

A
  • Dystonia = rigidity
  • Bradyskinesia & Slowed reaction times=falls
  • Shuffling gait
  • Face Masking
  • Tremors
45
Q

Treatments for Parkinson’s (4) LIDD

A
  • L-Dopa - time-limited, side effects of hallucinations and delusions
  • Deprenyl – slows Parkinson’s progression
  • Intentional lesioning of the pathway
  • Deep Brain Stimulation
46
Q

Causes 75% relief of symptoms with Parkinson’s

A

Deep Brain Stimulation

47
Q

Deep brain stimulation relief is contraindicated in those with ____________ or ____________ impairments

A

cognitive or memory impairments

48
Q

Most common tremor associated with Parkinson’s

A

pill rolling tremor

49
Q

Inherited disease resulting in degeneration of the basal ganglia - chromosome 4 mutation

A

Huntington’s Disease

50
Q

age of onset for Huntington’s Disease

A

30-50 years old

51
Q

symptoms of Huntington’s Disease (3)

A
  • Chorea– involuntary jerking movements
  • Dystonia - rigidity
  • Slurred speech and swallow difficulties
52
Q

degenerative disorder that attacks spinal cord and cranial nerve motor neurons, which causes brain and muscle connection loss - mutation of chromosome 21

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

53
Q

Symptoms of ALS: (3)

A
  • Progressive weakness and muscular atrophy - eventual loss of speech, swallow w/paralysis
  • Eye movements spared
  • Death typically caused by respiratory failure–typically within 24 months
54
Q

typical age of onset for ALS?
Rate of heritability?

A
  • 50’s
  • 10% heritability
55
Q

an autoimmune demyelinating disease.

A

Multiple Sclerosis

56
Q

onset of Multiple Sclerosis

A

late 20’s-30’s

57
Q

Multiple Sclerosis causes damage to the white matter or grey matter?

A

white

58
Q

risk factors for Multiple Sclerosis (4)

A
  • Females > Males
  • Living far from the equator
  • Black or white race
  • Smoking
59
Q

symptoms of multiple sclerosis (5)

A
  • Fatigue
  • Vision problems
  • Slowed Processing Speeds
  • Spasms
  • Bladder/bowel dysfunction
60
Q

What does “sclerosis” translate to?

A

hardening

61
Q

4 types of multiple sclerosis

A
  • secondary progressive
  • primary progressive
  • relapsing - remitting
  • progressive - relapsing
62
Q

Inflammation of the meninges caused by viruses or bacteria.

A

Meningitis

63
Q

Meningitis is caused by? (4)

A
  • Virus!
  • Bacteria
  • Fungus
  • Parasite
64
Q

symptoms of meningitis (6) F-SHAPS

A
  • Stiff neck!
  • Headache
  • aseptic meningitis syndrome (AMS)
  • Fever
  • Photophobia - light sensitive
  • Sometimes – convulsions, LOC, death
65
Q

Miniges test: (2)

A
  • Brudzunski’s sign - Severe neck stiffness causes a patient’s hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed
  • Kernig’s sign - pain or resistance with passive extension of the patient’s knees past 135 degrees in the setting of meningeal irritation.
66
Q

Most common Dementia

A

Alzheimer

67
Q

what can trigger Alzheimers?

A

Exposure to toxins, TBI, infections may trigger abnormal B-amyloid formation (estrogen lowers risk)

68
Q

Differentials of Alzheimers? (3)

A
  • Later in life 70+
  • Memory loss
  • Getting lost in familiar places
69
Q

Vascular Dementia is associated with brain damage due to: (2)

A
  • Ischemic injury - reduced blood flow
  • Anoxia - lack of oxygen
70
Q

risk factors for vascular dementia is the same as it is for _________.

A

strokes

71
Q

typical age of onset for vascular dementia?

A

65

72
Q

impairments seen in both Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia

A

Executive/Attentional Functioning

73
Q

vascular dementia shows impairments in __________ memory

A

semantic memory

74
Q

Alzheimer’s dementia shows impairments in __________ memory

A

episodic memory

75
Q

cueing/recognition does not help with _________ dementia

A

alzheimers

76
Q

Characterized by the abnormal build up of alpha-synuclein proteins into masses

A

Dementia with Lewy Body Disease

77
Q

usual first symptoms of Dementia with Lewy Body Disease

A

visual hallucinations

78
Q

2 most common symptoms of Dementia with Lewy Body Disease

A
  • visual hallucinations (not distressing)
  • falls & dysautonomia
79
Q

Umbrella term for a group of brain diseases known as frontotemporal lobar degeneration

A

Fronto-Temporal Dementia

80
Q

3 types of Fronto-Temporal Dementia

A
  • behavioral variant
  • primary progressive aphasia
  • movement disorders
81
Q

Accumulation of Tau protein overwhelms the brain and causes tissue death, resulting in what type of dementia?

A

Fronto-Temporal Dementia

Neurobehavior (17 decks)

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