Week 7 pt. 1 - Guest Lectures

Question 1

What are microbes?

Answer 1

any things that is in and around us: fungi, bacteria, viruses, microscopic animals, etc.

Question 2

unhealthy microbiome

Answer 2

dysbiosis

Question 3

alpha diversity

Answer 3

within a single sample - how many species of microbial in an individual

Question 4

beta diversity

Answer 4

comparing different samples of microbiomes and identifying the variability

Question 5

increased inflammation causes an increase in what for those in the military?

Answer 5

a higher risk of PTSD

Question 6

Sudden onset of a severe headache +/- nausea & vomiting are symptoms of what?

Answer 6

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Question 7

Paralysis affecting one side of the body:
Face, arm, trunk, leg.

Answer 7

Hemiplegia

Question 8

Implies a lesser degree of weakness than hemiplegia.

Answer 8

Hemiparesis

Question 9

Failure to attend to, respond to, and/or report stimulation that is introduced contralateral to the lesion.

Answer 9

Neglect

Question 10

Persistent neglect is a predictor of what?

Answer 10

negative functional outcome

Question 11

Loss of ability to execute skilled or learned movement patterns on command

Answer 11

Apraxia

Question 12

What type of apraxia causes:
Plan for the movement is intact, but the execution fails.

Answer 12

Ideomotor Apraxia

Question 13

Occlusion of PICA or vertebral artery with damage to lateral
medulla and inferior cerebellum

Ex. lights going out in half the house after you flip the breaker

Answer 13

Lateral Medullary Syndrome/Wallenberg syndrome

Question 14

One factor contributing to increases in chronic inflammatory disorders in high- income countries

Answer 14

failing immunoregulation

Question 15

failing immunoregulation is attributable to reduced exposure to the:

Answer 15

microbial environment

Question 16

live microorganisms promoted with claims that they provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the gut microbiota

Answer 16

probiotcis

Question 17

compounds in food that foster growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.

Answer 17

prebiotic

Question 18

More than __% of patients experience seizures close to onset of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Answer 18

25%

Question 19

Meningeal signs seen in over __% of SAH:
* neck stiffness
* LBP
* Leg pain

Answer 19

75%

Question 20

About __% of patients experience LOC at the time of bleeding onset of SAH

Answer 20

50%

Question 21

Transient intracranial circulatory arrest: The ‘percussive’ blood pressure impact of the hemorrhage during an SAH causes what?

Answer 21

LOC

Question 22

Hunt-Hess Scale: Grade I (2)

Answer 22

• Asymptomatic or minimal headache
• slight nuchal rigidity (sore neck)

Question 23

Hunt-Hess Scale: Grade V (3)

Answer 23

• Deep coma,
• decerebrate rigidity (posturing)
• moribund appearance (dying) no response to pain

Question 24

MCA Syndrome (5)

C C H G D

Answer 24

• Contralateral weakness (face = trunk = arm = leg)
• Contralateral cortical sensory loss
• Homonymous hemianopsia or quadrantanopia
• Gaze preference
• Dysphagia

Question 25

ACA Syndrome causes Unilateral: (3)

Answer 25

– motor loss in legs (up to 90% of patients)
– arm cortical sensory loss
– Frontal release signs/inhibition of reflexes

Question 26

Acquired inability to associate a perceived unimodal stimulus (i.e. visual, auditory, tactile) with meaning.

Answer 26

Agnosia

Question 27

Agnosia is a disorder of _______________.

Answer 27

Disorder of recognition (not naming)

Question 28

denial of deficit

Answer 28

Anosagnosia

Question 29

impaired ability to recognize faces

Answer 29

Prosopagnosia

Question 30

Impairment of language

Answer 30

aphasia

Question 31

aphasia is nearly always involves damage to the

Answer 31

left fronto-temporal and/or temporal-parietal regions

Question 32

Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage causes: (1)

Answer 32

Alteration in level of consciousness (~ 50%)